隨著顯示技術的快速發展，包括平板電腦和智能手機等個人顯示終端己經在人們的學習、工作和生活中成為不可替代的日常用品。常用的液晶顯示器Liquid Crystal Display，簡稱LCD）中，以發光二極體（Light Emitting Diode，LED）為背光源，已經在顯示器領域佔據了統治地位。在追求更薄、更大、更亮的同時，關於 LCD光特性對人類影響的研究也變的愈發重要。因此，為了更加清晰的瞭解使用者在使用液晶顯示器時，對於螢幕光源的適應情況，以及如何調節出讓使用者感覺舒適的光色。本研究基於亮度和色溫的變化對使用者觀看LCD的舒適情況的影響進行分析。
實驗一，12男12女被邀請參與在完全黑暗的環境下，觀察螢幕照度等級分別是10 lx、100 lx、200 lx三個照度水準，色溫為2800 K、3700 K、5000 K、6500 K、7500 K、9300 K六個色溫值，所構成18個光色條件的LCD。實驗結束後受測者對各個光色條件下的螢幕舒適情況進行主觀感受的打分。實驗結果顯示，螢幕相對色溫、照度的數值和Kruithof曲線圖基本吻合，但是在中間色溫區域即6500 K-7500 K之間不管照度值如何變化，使用者的舒適值始終保持較高的水準。就照度而言，在無環境光的情況下10 lx和200 lx都低於100 lx的照度的舒適水準。總體來說，照度對於舒適性的影響較色溫來說差異並不顯著。在實驗過程中還發現作業性質（工作學習與休閒娛樂）和視覺舒適度顯著相關。工作學習狀態下最大舒適性主要發生在5000 K至6500 K的較高色溫範圍，而休閒娛樂狀態下最大舒適性主要發生在3700 K至6500 K的較低色溫範圍。而且，工作學習狀態中的高舒適性的色溫範圍相對較小，而休閒娛樂狀態中的高舒適性的色溫範圍相對寬鬆。此外，性別、年齡和視覺舒適情況顯著相關。女性對於色溫更為敏感，尤其表現在低色溫時候，女性觀察者首先表現出不舒適的反應。女性觀察者的舒適情況普遍出現在6500 K-7500 K比男性觀察者的舒適色溫5000 K-6500 K略高一些；青少年舒適色溫區域5000 K-6500 K，而60歲以上的觀察者舒適色溫約集中在5000 K左右。在沒有環境光的影響下老年人普遍覺得高照度的顯示幕更加舒適。
實驗二，根據實驗一所發現的使用者的舒適情況與螢幕亮度、色溫、性別、年齡以及作業性質存在顯著的相關性，可見這種視覺舒適性是一個複雜因素共同影響的結果。為了進一步探尋多因素的舒適情況，15男15女被邀請評估了工作學習和休閒娛樂兩種狀態下的隨機3種不同環境光下不同亮度、色溫組合，即每個使用者通過實驗獲得6組實驗數據。通過使用Tobii pro glasses 3眼動儀記錄眨眼頻率、瞳孔縮放尺寸等資訊。研究結果通過主觀評價和客觀測量的相關性處理後，建立了基於倒傳遞法（Back Propagation Neural Network，BPNN）神經網路的多引數 LCD顯示參數預測模型，更加真實還原使用者使用情況，經過訓練的網路擬合性良好，平均誤差在10%以內，並能成功準確預測使用者在不同參數下觀看LCD的視覺舒適情況。
實驗三，根據實驗二研究發現眨眼頻率和主觀舒適情況存在顯著相關且相關性最強。所以實驗三繼續採用眨眼頻率指標繼續探尋人類視覺舒適度隨時間變化的情況，並採用Biopac MP160生理多導儀的眼電模組進行記錄。12名受測者被邀請，在一間可完全避光的暗室，使用亮度計對選用的iPad mini螢幕進行標定，並結合實驗一的普遍舒適範圍，在2種色溫條件(5000 K和7500 K)和兩種照度（100 lx和200 lx）下，記錄人眼在觀看過程中的眨眼頻率變化。結果發現，當時間超過一個小時觀看低色溫螢幕會更早引起眨眼頻率的升高；在工作環境亮度很低的情況下，提高顯示器亮度會有效提高注意力，但同時卻會造成眼部不適；有任務的工作狀態，相對於休閒狀態在一小時內提前出現疲勞。
本研究從人們對LCD螢幕亮度和色溫的觀看舒適情況展開研究，兼顧了使用者個體的差異和工作性質的差異，並且探討了視覺舒適情況隨時間變化的規律。其結果可以為使用者觀看LCD舒適性評估或自適應光色調節系統設計提供參考依據，以提高使用者觀看LCD的視覺舒適品質。

With the rapid development of display technology, personal display terminals, such as tablet, PC and smart-phone, have become irreplaceable daily necessities in the study, work and living mode of modern people. The commonly used liquid crystal display (LCD) with Light Emitting Diode (LED) as back-light has occupied a dominant position in the field of display. While pursuing thinner, bigger and brighter, the studies on the effects of LCD light characteristics on human beings has become more and more important. Therefore, in order to more clearly understand the adaptation of users to the screen light source when using the LCD, and how to adjust the light that makes the user feel comfortable, this study analyzed the influence of brightness and color temperature changes on the comfort of users by watching LCD.
In experiment I, 12 males and 12 females were invited to observe the LCD with 18 light conditions in a completely dark environment, which were composed of 3 screen illuminance levels such as 10 lx, 100 lx, and 200 lx, as well as 6 color temperature values such as 2800 K, 3700 K, 5000 K, 6500 K, 7500 K, and 9300 K. After the experiment, the participants carried out the subjective feeling scoring of screen comfort under various light conditions. The experimental results showed that the correlated color temperature and illuminance of the screen were basically consistent with Kruithof curve. However, no matter how the illuminance changes in the middle color temperature region (6500 K- 7500 K), the comfort value of users always keeps a high level. As far as illuminance is concerned, the comfort level of 10 lx and 200 lx is lower than that of 100 lx in the absence of ambient light. Generally speaking, the influence of illuminance on comfort is not significant compared with color temperature. During the experiment, it was also found that the status attributes of operation ("work & study" and "leisure & entertainment") was significantly correlated with visual comfort. The maximum comfort mainly occurs in the higher color temperature range of 5000 K-6500 K in the "work & study" state, while the maximum comfort mainly occurs in the lower color temperature range of 3700 K-6500 K in the "leisure & entertainment" state. Moreover, the color temperature range of high comfort in the "work & study" state is relatively small, while the color temperature range of high comfort in the "leisure & entertainment" state is relatively loose. In addition, gender and age are significantly correlated with visual comfort. Females are more sensitive to color temperature, especially when the color temperature is low, and the female participant first shows uncomfortable reaction. The comfort of female participants appears in 6500 K-7500 K, which is slightly higher than that of male participants (5000 K-6500 K); the comfortable color temperature range of teenagers is 5000 K-6500 K, while the comfortable color temperature of participants over 60 years old is about 5000 K. Without the influence of ambient light, the elderly generally feel more comfortable with high-illuminance displays.
In experiment II, according to the results of experiment I, there is a significant correlation between the comfort of users and screen brightness, color temperature, gender, age and the nature of operation, which shows that this visual comfort is the result of a complex factor. In order to further explore the comfort situation of multiple factors, 15 males and 15 females were invited to evaluate the combination of different brightness and color temperature under three different ambient lights at random as well as the two states such as "work & study" and "leisure & entertainment", namely each user obtained 6 groups of experimental data through experiments. The blink frequency, pupil size and other information were recorded by using Tobii pro glasses 3 eye tracker. After correlation treatment between subjective evaluation and objective measurement, a multi-independent variable LCD display parameter prediction model based on Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) was established, which can more truly restore the usage of users. The trained network has a good fitting performance, and the average error is less than 10%, which can successfully and accurately predict the visual comfort of users under different parameters.
In experiment III, according to experiment II, it was found that blink frequency was significantly correlated with subjective comfort, with the strongest correlation. Therefore, the blink frequency index was used to explore the change of human visual comfort with time in experiment III, and the EOG module of Biopac MP160 Polysomnography was used to record. 12 participants were invited to calibrate the selected iPad Mini screen with a brightness meter in a dark room that can be completely protected from light. Combined with the general comfort range of experiment I, the blink frequency changes of human eyes during watching were recorded under 2 color temperature conditions (5000 K and 7500 K) and 2 illuminances (100 lx and 200 lx). The results showed that watching on a low color temperature screen for more than 1h will cause an increase in blink frequency earlier; under the condition of low brightness in the working environment, the brightness elevation of the display will effectively improve attention, but it will cause eye discomfort at the same time; in terms of the working state with tasks, fatigue occurs in advance within 1h compared with the leisure state.
In this study, the watching comfort of people for LCD screen brightness and color temperature was studied, which took into account the differences of individual users and working properties, and explored the change law of visual comfort with time. The results can provide reference for users to evaluate the comfort of watching LCD or design an adaptive light adjustment system, so as to improve the visual comfort quality of users watching LCD.

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