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研究生: 林煒涎
Lin, Wei-hsien
論文名稱: 3D雷射掃描儀應用於戶地測量之研究
Application of 3D Laser Scanning on Land Parcel Survey
指導教授: 曾清凉
Tsai, Ching-Lang
蔡金郎
Tsai, Ching-lang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 理學院 - 地球科學系碩士在職專班
Department of Earth Sciences (on the job class)
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 76
中文關鍵詞: 雷射掃描儀戶地測量點雲
外文關鍵詞: Land Parcel Survey, LiDAR, point cloud
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  • 傳統地籍測量僅以單調的線劃平面地籍圖使民眾了解其所有土地之座落,對其土地與建物之空間位置關係需靠想像力理解。由於長距離3D雷射掃描技術已臻成熟,如果應用於進行戶地測量可獲得高密度及高精度三維空間資訊,使傳統平面地籍圖立體化,達到多功能使用之目的。
    本研究是應用3D雷射掃描技術進行戶地的現況測量,以獲取實際現況之大量三維點雲坐標資料,經分析處理後組成三維現況圖。由於地面3D雷射掃描系統具有經由作業模式可任意變化坐標系統的特性,因此所獲得之三維掃描資料,與地籍系統相容是可行的,唯必須通過坐標轉換之精度分析以求取現況界址點並製作地籍圖,與原地籍圖比較分析,檢視其符合規範精度後,以能形成三維立體地籍圖,方便爾後民眾於電腦螢幕上瀏覽地籍圖時,瞭解土地使用之狀況,提高公信力降低疑慮與糾紛。
    經本實驗結果3D雷射掃描技術應用於現況測量,界址點精度可達2公分以內已符合地籍測量之規定,但必須至少有3個以上共軛點,而且與射掃描距離不超過30公尺經由多測站掃描資料的疊合,才能得到上述良好的點雲精度。

    Traditional Land Parcel Survey there is only in measurement book it last level by dull line nationality picture make people unable to understand their land located, need to understand to its land and relation of space position of building the thing by the strength of imagining.
    Among cadastral surveys, the land parcel survey undoubtedly plays the most important role. Therefore, it has been forming an inevitable tendency for the adding of cadastral data into diverse precise 3-D spatial information for more widely uses. Nowadays, the technique of long range 3-D laser scanning has become more matured. So, the join of 3-D Laser Scanning in land parcel survey with its high density and precision scanning will make the traditional cadastral maps to produce a 3-D view and meet the requirement for multifunctional uses.
    In this study, abundant 3-D point cloud is collected after the use of 3-D scanner over the study area where the technology was introduced to perform land parcel survey. Those points were processed and analyzed to establish 3-D current map. As ground 3-D laser scanning system has a feature of transforming any coordinate systems without restrictions by operating model. Hence the coordinate systems after 3-D laser scanning consists with cadastral coordinate system. The coordinate systems at scanning stations were then transformed into currently published cadastral coordinate system to make a simulative cadastre. Once the result after comparison and analysis between the simulative one and the original published cadastral map is corresponding to the regulations, a 3-D cadastre joined with cadastral maps can hopefully be set up for browse to public. The 3-D model of cadastral information displayed on monitor not only clearly identifies the conditions of land using but also the possible disputes between land owners would decrease.
    From this study, it shows that the largest error was within 2 centimeter for boundary point, which is allowed by to the Regulation for Cadastral Survey. But it needs to combinate the data of serval scanning stations which has three conjugate points at least and scanning distance within 30 meters for getting better accuracy of point cloud.

    摘要……………………………………………………………………Ⅰ Abstract………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 誌謝……………………………………………………………………Ⅲ 目錄……………………………………………………………………Ⅳ 表目錄…………………………………………………………………Ⅶ 圖目錄…………………………………………………………………Ⅷ 第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………1 1-1 前言………………………………………………………………1 1-2 研究動機…………………………………………………………2 1-3 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………3 1-3-1 雷射掃描技術之應用………………………………………4 1-3-2 戶地測量的方法……………………………………………9 1-4 數值法戶地測量…………………………………………………13 1-5 研究目的…………………………………………………………17 1-6 研究方法…………………………………………………………18 第二章 理論及研究方法………………………………………………20 2-1 3D雷射掃描理論基礎……………………………………………20 2-2 地面三維雷射掃描儀定位原理…………………………………23 2-3 雷射訊號之反射特性……………………………………………25 2-4 現況點雲資料處理………………………………………………26 2-5 Riegl LMS-Z420i 3D雷射掃描儀………………………………27 2-6 現況點的坐標系統轉換…………………………………………30 第三章 3D雷射掃描儀戶地測量實驗…………………………………34 3-1 實驗區選定………………………………………………………35 3-2 3D雷射掃描儀戶地測量方法……………………………………36 3-3 實地現場掃描……………………………………………………37 3-4 共軛點結合………………………………………………………41 3-5 轉換至地籍坐標系統……………………………………………42 3-6 點取現況點………………………………………………………43 第四章 戶地測量成果分析……………………………………………48 4-1 3D雷射掃描戶地測量之特性……………………………………48 4-2 3D雷射掃描戶地測量現況點比較………………………………49 4-3 現況點與地籍圖套疊……………………………………………55 4-4 宗地面積較差分析………………………………………………58 4-5 實驗結果討論……………………………………………………59 4-6 傳統數值法與3D雷射掃瞄儀戶地測量方法比較………………60 第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………………61 5-1 結論………………………………………………………………61 5-2 建議………………………………………………………………62 參考文獻………………………………………………………………64 附錄……………………………………………………………………69

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