光電半導體業為二十一世紀最具發展潛力產業之一，其中薄膜液晶螢幕(Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display, TFT-LCD)的製造，更是台灣近年來蓬勃發展高科技產業的主要產品之ㄧ，而隨著生產量的增加，有機廢水量也會隨之增加。TFT-LCD製程有機廢水中含有高強度之有機氮物質，國內目前使用一般傳統好氧活性汙泥法、缺氧好氧生物程序(Anoxic-Oxic, AO Process)處理這類廢水時有其困難，因為廢水中具有不易被一般好氧微生物分解利用的物質，而且廢水成份的異常變化，或是實廠處理試程的操作參數，都會影響微生物在生物處理程序中的除氮效率。此外，生物程序處理效能之評估中，應用分子生物技術(T-RFLP、Cloning sequencing)可檢測生物處理系統中是否存在能有效處理廢水之菌群結構，再搭配上傳統的水質分析與操作參數，分子生物檢測技術可提供快速、確切的微生物族群的生態結構及消長，在生物處理程序中更能完整地解釋並進而掌控處理效能。本研究將針對多功能生物程序處理合成TFT-LCD製程有機廢水處理系統(C3、M6、F2)進行硝化效率監測，並配合分子生物技術來探討不同因子(inhibitors)對好氧氨氧化優勢菌(Ammonia-Oxidized Bacteria)族群在各處理系統中的硝化活性影響評估，將有效應用於台灣光電產業製程之有機廢水處理。根據分子技術檢測(T-RFLP、Cloning sequencing)搭配水質分析與操作參數，發現各實廠均有氨氧化菌的存在(Nitrosomona oligotropha/Nitrosomonas europaea/Nitrosomonas. eutropha/Nitrosospira)，優勢菌族群也會根據水質變化或是變更操作試程而有變化。自98年3月份起偵測C3、M6系統之好氧硝化表現，直到近期兩系統中存在豐富之氨氧化菌群Nm.oligotropha、Nm.europaea，但系統仍存在硝化效能喪失之問題。早期(96年7月)偵測F2實廠在硝化效率較差時，主要優勢氨氧化菌為Nm.europaea，而近期F2實廠(98年8月~99年3月)硝化效能恢復，則發現硝化效能較佳時期是以Nitrosospira為主要優勢氨氧化菌，在比對各實廠之硝化狀況與優勢氨氧化菌(Nitrosospira)的表現也有相同的狀況，推測Nitrosospira在處理光電廢水微生物中影響氨氧化之重要氨氧化菌群。
嘗試以F2具有硝化活性之活性汙泥作為植種源添加於M6實廠中，嘗試提升其硝化效能，並以此植種源進行影響硝化因子之評估試驗。在批次試驗中以F2活性汙泥作為植種源並添加適量營養鹽之反應條件下，嘗試添加DMS 150mg/L對硝化活性之影響，試驗結果發現會直接對氨氧化造成抑制現象；同時添加MEA：125mg/L 與DMSO：50mg/L於好氧反應中整體之硝化效能沒有被抑制；添加TMAH達200mg/L對硝化活性並沒有顯著的影響；添加清洗膜用之清洗液NaOCl大於2 mg OCl-/L影響後期氨氧化速率，直接抑制硝酸生成速率。目前仍專注於M6之處理效能問題，嘗試在試程期間找出降低硝化效能之影響因子，並持續以分子生物技術監測優勢氨氧化菌群之菌相變化，期望提升實廠整體系統之處理效能。

Over the past decade Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD) has become a rapidly growing optic-electronic industry. Manufacturing plants of TFT-LCD produce large amounts of high concentration industrial wastewater. In addition to organic carbon, such as dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO, (CH3)2SO), TFT-LCD wastewater also contains significant amounts of organic nitrogen in the form of mono-ethanolamine (MEA, C2H5ONH2), and tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH, (CH3)4NOH). These organic nitrogen compounds make up 95% of the total nitrogen making it very difficult to meet water quality standards. This study was conducted to evaluate AOB microbial ecology and nitrification performance of three full-scale bioreactors, treating TFT-LCD wastewaters with high strength of organic nitrogen. One of the three bioreactors investigated was conventional activated sludge (CAS) system (C3) directly receiving TFT-LCD wastewaters, and the other one was an anoxic/aerobic bioreactor combined MBR (M6) directly treating TFT-LCD wastewater, while the other one was an aerobic bioreactor (F2) treating wastewater effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. By performing molecular methods targeting on functional gene amoA of AOB, all samples from investigated bioreactors showed their presence, although their nitrification performance in different bioreactors varied from 20 to 80%. The AOB activity will be monitored by measuring the water quality changes, as well as by using Molecular Methods such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) to identify any changes in microbial communities throughout the treatment process. T-RFLP data show that a community of Nitrosospira-like AOB seems to be the important species contributing to the nitrification of the organic nitrogen in the full-scale treatment plant. In addition to microbial ecology, batch experiments were conducted to evaluate inhibitory effects of nutrients, DMS, MEA/DMSO, OCl- on nitrification using activated sludges taken from F2 system. These results can be used as the operation to provide better recommendations for each system, and enhance the nitrification performance of full-sacle wastewater treatment plant.
More studies should be done in order to have a clearer picture on the effect of different factors on nitrification in TFT-LCD wastewater treatment and enhance its nitrogen removal efficiency.

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