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研究生: 簡崑棋
Jian, Kun-Qi
論文名稱: 結合模糊類神經網路與快速混雜基因演算法於專案工期之預測
Using Fuzzy Neural Network and Fast Messy Genetic Algorithms to Forecast Project Duration
指導教授: 馮重偉
Feng, Chung-Wei
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 95
中文關鍵詞: 模糊類神經網路專案工期預測快速混雜基因演算法
外文關鍵詞: project duration forecast, fuzzy neural networks, FNN, fmGA, fast messy genetic algorithms
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  • 正確的預測專案工程所需的時間,對於業主與營造商而言是相當重要的決策資訊。對業主是在於提供往後的規劃設計上的資訊,而對營造商則是提供其投標前之決策資訊。
    目前的研究對於專案工期預測大多著重在細部設計階段後的預測。然而在該階段預測工期,必須先將專案解析成可分解的工程作業,再尋找作業關係與其所需資源後,才可進行工期預測,在此一階段的預測相當費工費時。因此本研究將提前在初步設計階段完成後進行工期預測。
    本研究利用以快速模糊類神經網路模式搜尋引擎(Fast Fuzzy Neural Inference Model Search Engine, FFNIMSE)為核心,建立一專案工期預測模式。首先藉由分析影響專案工期之因素,將影響因素以模糊數值的方式表現,並且利用類神經網路訓練模糊化後之影響因素,再以快速混雜基因演算法尋找最佳的模糊類神經網路架構。期望能將搜尋之最佳模糊類神經網路架構,實際應用於專案初期之工期預測。最後,本研究根據所建立之模式,開發一專案工期預測模式(Project Duration Forecast Model, PDFM)。
    經由案例之訓練與測試本研究開發的專案工期預測模式結果顯示出本研究所建立之預測模式其平均誤差不大於±15%,對於在專案初步規劃階段的預測已是不錯的精度,對於提供業主與營造商的決策資訊也已足夠。因此藉由本研究提出之模式與PDFM應用系統,確可以將影響專案工期之因素納入考量,並且提供精確度達一定水準之工期預測。

    Estimate the project duration with precision is essential to the owner and the contractor. A precise estimation on project duration can provide good decision information for the owner to go on the project, so is for the contractor to bid on the project.
    Previous research on estimating project duration mostly is conducted after the detailed design phase. However, to estiamte project duraiton after detailed design phase, the project engineers have to break down the project into separable activities, and then define the relationships of these activities and their resource consumptions. It takes a lot of labor efforts and time to predict the project duration at this phase. In this study the project duration forecast model is performed before the detailed design phase.
    This thesis aims at utilizing the Fast Fuzzy Neural Inference Model Search Engine (FFNIMSE) to estimate the project duration. First of all, this study searches all possible factors that influence project duration, and then transfers these factors into fuzzy numbers to train the developed neural networks. Finally, FFNIMSE seeks out the best fuzzy neural network typology by using fast messy genetic algorithms, and applies the best typology to predict the project duration. According to the above mentioned process, this study develops a graphical user interface program called PDFM (Project Duration Forecast Model) for owner and contractor.
    From the results reported by PDFM, the average prediction error is less than 15%. The error rate is accurate enough for a project at planning and conceptual design phase and also for owners and contractors to make decision.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 目錄 IV 表目錄 VII 圖目錄 VIII 第1章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究範圍 3 1.4 研究流程 3 1.5 論文架構 5 第2章 問題陳述與相關文獻回顧 7 2.1 研究問題陳述 7 2.1.1 專案生命週期 7 2.1.2 確立專案預測時機 8 2.2 專案工期預測文獻回顧 9 2.2.1 影響因素分析 9 2.2.2 問卷分析 11 2.2.3 統計分析 13 2.3 小結 13 第3章 建模相關理論介紹 15 3.1 模糊理論 15 3.1.1 簡介 15 3.1.2 模糊數 15 3.2 類神經網路 17 3.2.1 簡介 17 3.2.2 類神經網路基本架構 18 3.2.3 模糊類神經網路 20 3.3 快速混雜基因演算法 23 3.3.1 簡介 23 3.3.2 簡單基因演算法與快速混雜基因演算法之比較 23 3.3.2.1 簡單基因演算法簡介 23 3.3.2.2 兩種基因演算法比較 26 3.3.3 快速混雜基因演算法運作流程與演化機制 27 第4章 專案工期預測模式之建立 34 4.1 專案工期預測模式建立方式 34 4.2 確立影響專案工期之因素 35 4.2.1 利用層級法確立影響因素 35 4.2.2 定量因素 36 4.2.3 定性因素 37 4.2.4 影響因素預處理 38 4.3 結合快速混雜基因演算法與模糊類神經網路 39 4.3.1 染色體編碼 41 4.3.1.1 模糊隸屬函數編碼 41 4.3.1.2 類神經網路編碼 43 4.3.2 初始階段 47 4.3.2.1 隨機產生初始競爭樣板 47 4.3.2.2 機率法初始化母體 48 4.3.3 染色體解碼 50 4.3.3.1 模糊隸屬函數解碼 50 4.3.3.2 類神經網路架構解碼 52 4.3.4 適存值計算 52 4.3.5 原生階段 59 4.3.6 共生階段 59 第5章 預測模式應用與驗證 60 5.1 模式求解簡介 60 5.2 案例蒐集與彙整 61 5.3 案例訓練與測試 65 5.3.1 案例組合方式 65 5.3.2 專案工期預測模式設計 66 5.3.3 專案工期預測模式訓練與測試 66 5.4 敏感度分析 70 5.5 小結 72 第6章 結論與建議 73 6.1 結論 73 6.2 建議 74 參考文獻 75 附錄A PDFM使用說明 79 附錄B Pseudo Code of GA 93

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    中文部分
    27. 林嘉軍,應用快速混亂基因演算法於營建作業流程模擬,碩士論文,朝陽科技大學營建工程系,台中,民國92年。
    28. 張德周,契約與規範,文笙書局,民國91年。
    29. 葉怡成,類神經網路模式應用與實作,儒林圖書有限公司,台北,民國88年。
    30. 謝文魁,建築工程基礎開挖檔土施工策略專家系統之研究,碩士論文,中華工學院土木工程學系營建組,新竹,民國86年。
    31. 謝文山,演化式建築工程成本概算模式之研究,碩士論文,國立台灣科技大學營建工程系,台北,民國91年。
    32. 蘇木春、張孝得,機器學習:類神經網路、模糊系統以及基因演算法則,全華科技圖書股份有限公司,台北,民國88年。

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