COVID-19疫苗基本上已成為強權之間的非傳統"武器"競賽，強權間的合作幾乎不存在。然而疫苗的多邊合作項目— COVAX已注定失敗，因為它無法為貧窮國家提供平等的疫苗配置。大量學術文章已經討論過中國的疫苗外交，但常常忽視了受援助國的觀點，並傾向將其過度簡化為中國"軟實力"的展現和"塑造形象"的企圖。然而，「外交」一詞是指單向溝通，作者認為這在現今的情況下已不再適用。在本文中，我們使用了「參與」一詞，因為它描述了疫苗提供者和接受者之間的雙向互惠溝通。印尼作為中國COVID-19疫苗的最大接受者和合作伙伴值得被充分研究。該國擁有東南亞總人口的大約五分之二，並被認為是一個新興勢力，因此印尼在疫苗合作上的參與被視為是該地區安全和力量的象徵。本文透過改良的新古典現實主義理論，探討了中國和印尼之間COVID-19疫苗參與的邏輯與原理，並研究了促使兩國達成協議的國內層次變量，包括國家利益，國內限制因素，以及領導者的觀點。與一般的假設相反，中印疫苗的參與顯示，這種現象不是單向外交，也非僅是中國試圖獲取更好的聲望 ；相反的，兩國之間的疫苗參與是由政治與經濟動機所引起，受國內政治所驅動。此外，它也是中印健康絲綢之路和全球海上支點戰略的一部分。同樣地，印尼打算成為區域製造業中心，進一步邁向其成為東協最有影響力的成員的目標。與現實主義的觀點相符，國際政治是永無止境的為生存、利益和取得主導地位而努力。中印疫苗參與的影響十分明確，印尼雖受益於此次的參與，但以危機加劇和在新的領域對中國的依賴日益增加為代價，可能削弱印尼在外交政策中的"中立性"。最後，本論文有望為疫情期間的全球南方合作和國際研究學門中，新興的爭論做出貢獻。

COVID-19 vaccine has largely become a non-traditional “weapon” race between the great powers, with cooperation nearly inexistent. The multilateral effort, COVAX, has been doomed to fall short as it fails to deliver equal vaccine access to poorer countries. A large volume of scholarly articles has discussed China’s vaccine diplomacy, but often neglected the perspective of the recipient country and tended to oversimplify it into China’s “soft-power” and “image building” attempt. However, the term ‘diplomacy’ refers to a one-way communication, which the author sees as somehow no longer relevant to the present-day circumstances. In this thesis, we used the term “engagement” as it illustrates a two-way, reciprocal communication between the vaccine provider and the recipient. Indonesia, as the biggest taker and partner of China’s COVID-19 vaccine deserves to be fully examined in this matter. The country has about two-fifths of the Southeast Asia’s total population and recognized as an emerging power, thus, engaging with Indonesia in vaccine cooperation could be a sign of strength and security in the region at large. This thesis explores the rationale behind COVID-19 vaccine engagement between China and Indonesia through a refined version of Neoclassical Realism. The intervening domestic-level variables that encouraged the deal made by the two countries are examined, which includes national interest, domestic constraints, and leaders’ perspectives. China-Indonesia‘s vaccine engagement revealed that, contrary to the popular assumption, this phenomenon is not a one-way diplomacy, nor is China merely attempting to have a more favorable reputation; rather, the vaccine engagement between the two countries is both politically and economically motivated, incentivized by unit-level politics. On top of that, it is also a component of China and Indonesia’s grand strategy, dubbed Health Silk Road and the Global Maritime Fulcrum. By the same token, Indonesia intends to become the regional manufacturing hub, which advance its quest to be ASEAN’s most influential actor. In line with the Realist argument, world politics is a never-ending effort for survival, advantage, and dominance. The implication of this engagement is clear, Indonesia is benefiting from this engagement but at the expense of the exacerbating crisis and growing dependency on China in a new sector, that may weaken its “neutrality” in foreign policy. Ultimately, this thesis is expected to contribute to a nascent debate on global south engagement amidst pandemic and international studies scholarships.

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