有鑑於火災事故頻傳，造成人員傷亡及財務損失，發展防火材料一直是值得關注的議題。然而如何在提升火場性能的前提下，兼顧節能減碳的環保概念，是當前需要思考的課題。因此具備保溫功能及耐燃能力的酚醛發泡材料逐漸被重視。本研究將不同粒徑及重量百分濃度(1%~5%)的二氧化矽氣凝膠粉體作為填料加入熱固型酚醛中，製作成酚醛發泡板材，並以主成分為二氧化矽的玻化微珠作為填料進行實驗結果的比較。本研究之目的在利用多孔二氧化矽填料低熱傳的特性，降低熱在酚醛發泡板材內部的熱傳率，進而減緩發泡板的分解以提升酚醛發泡板材的耐燃性能。此外，也觀察添加不同大小粒徑及含量的填料對耐燃性能的影響。
根據熱傳導及熱重分析的結果顯示，添加小粒徑多孔粉體的酚醛發泡板可得到比純酚醛發泡板更佳的隔熱性質及熱穩定性；然而，過量的填料會導致發泡結構不穩定。以OM、SEM及EDS觀察到氣凝膠在酚醛內部孔洞有被酚醛包覆的型態且為不均勻分布於酚醛發泡板，以解釋實驗曲線出現的部分不規律現象。此外，圓錐量熱儀的結果顯示，由於填料添加過多及脫模劑塗佈過多的影響，導致大部分的試片燒穿及總熱釋放過量的現象，然而試驗結果證實添加適量的多孔二氧化矽填料確實可以提升酚醛發泡板耐燃性能使其通過耐燃一級的測試。

The development of fire resistant materials is important with regard to reducing the loss of human life and property due to fires. Phenolic foam board (PF) has good thermal insulation properties and is thus widely used for this purpose, and it also has exceptional fire performance.
In this study, the author investigated the effects on the thermal and fire resistance of PF (phenolic foam board) with various particle sizes and content (1wt.%-5wt.%) of SiO2 aerogel, and hollow glass microspheres were also used to make a comparison. It was expected that the fire resistance of PF would be improved by adding these fillers, which provide thermal insulation. It was projected that the heat transfer of PF from the heat source would be reduced, thus causing the decomposition of phenolic foam board to slow down.
The effect of adding porous silica on the thermal conductivity and stability of PF was obvious. The results showed that smaller particle sizes of porous materials can improve the thermal insulation and stability of PF. However, the use of excess fillers was found to damage the structure of PF. The SEM and EDS results showed that the distribution of aerogel within the PF was not uniform, and some aerogel pores were coated with phenolic resin, which explained some irregular curves observed during testing. In addition, the results of a cone calorimeter analysis indicated that excess fillers and release agent caused burn through and excess total heat release. However, the results also showed that adding proper amounts of porous silica can improve the fire performance of PF, leading to achieving flammability level I.

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