現今汽車除了講求性能、舒適，行車安全也因為車禍發生頻率的提高而逐漸受到重視。車禍發生時除了車內乘員會受到傷害，車體外的行人等用路人亦處於危險之中。日本和歐盟的行人死亡數佔所有道路死亡數的比例分別為30%和16%，開發中國家更超過了50%。在非致命的行人碰撞意外中，下肢傷害所佔比例最大，其常見的傷害機制為骨折或膝關節軟組織的損傷，因所需復健時間冗長，故不可忽略其嚴重性。
歐洲促進汽車安全委員會(EEVC)提出的次系統測試方法是用來評估行人遭受車輛側向撞擊的運動反應和傷害，其中，在下肢傷害研究方面是採用下肢衝擊器對保險桿碰撞測試進行模擬。目前已發展出的下肢衝擊器實體包含剛體下肢衝擊器(TRL)和撓性下肢衝擊器(JAMA-JARI)，這兩種下肢衝擊器各有其優缺點。本研究的目的是修改現行的下肢衝擊器模型，並期望模型仍然具有高度的生物擬真性，且成本較低，易於製造、裝配，以作為日後模型實體化的參考，並可進而將其應用在其它相關測試及行人被動安全系統的研發。
建立具有良好生物擬真性的下肢衝擊器模型是設計行人安全防護設備之基礎，為了證明設計出來的下肢衝擊器具有生物擬真性，必須經過驗證測試，驗證的方法和生物驗證區間是根據大體實驗而來。本研究首先建立仿人體幾何外形的下肢衝擊器有限元素模型，並利用LS-DYNA軟體進行與大體實驗相同的測試，以驗證模型的生物擬真性；而用來評斷模型是否具有生物擬真性的標準是CVR值。驗證測試包含部件測試和組件測試，部件測試為小腿三點側向彎曲測試和膝關節四點側向彎曲測試；組件測試則為整體下肢衝擊器的彎曲測試和剪切測試。
驗證測試完成後，針對測試結果探討模型是否具有生物擬真性，並與現行兩種下肢衝擊器實體的行為反應作比較，最後以下肢衝擊器對保險桿進行碰撞模擬作為應用範例。

Nowadays automobiles are with good performance and comfortable; however, safety gradually becomes an issue because of high incidence of traffic accidents. Except for occupants injured in traffic accidents, other vulnerable road users, like pedestrians, are also in danger. Pedestrians make up 16% of all road traffic fatalities in the EU and over 30% in Japan, their percentage can exceed 50% in developing countries. In nonfatal car-pedestrian accidents, lower extremities are the most commonly injured body parts. Bone fractures, ligament and meniscus avulsion are common injury mechanisms. Since recovery processes of these injuries are typically lengthy, it is inadvisable to ignore such a problem.
EEVC proposed sub-system tests to evaluate responses and injuries of pedestrians in lateral car-pedestrian accidents, in which lower legform to bumper tests are used to investigate leg injuries. Now the TRL-PLI and Flex-PLI have developed, and both have their pros and cons. In this study it is to modify existing lower legform impactor model, and the new model is still with high biofidelity, inexpensive and easy to manufacture and assemble. The new model can then be made physically and applied to relevant tests and development of pedestrian passive safety system.
Constructing biofidelic lower legform impactor model is the foundation of designing pedestrian protection equipments of automobiles. In order to ensure the biofidelity of new legform impactor model, it is needed to conduct certification tests. Setup and biofidelic corridor of certification tests are based on PMHS tests. This study constructs the finite element model of human-like legform impactor model and makes use of LS-DYNA to perform the same tests as PMHS to evaluate its biofidelity. CVR value is the standard used to assess whether model is biofidelic. Certification tests consist of component and assembly tests. Component tests include 3-point leg bending tests and 4-point knee joint bending tests, and assembly tests comprise shearing and bending tests, all above in lateral direction.
After finishing all the certification tests, testing results are analyzed and compared with those of two existing legform impactors. One legform to bumper test is conducted as a case of application.

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