| 研究生: |
李彥霆 Lee, Yen-Ting |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
Helmholtz resonator 在不同驅動方式下之聲音特性 The acoustic characteristics of Helmholtz resonator under different driving conditions |
| 指導教授: |
周榮華
Chou, Jung-Hua |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 工程科學系 Department of Engineering Science |
| 論文出版年: | 2012 |
| 畢業學年度: | 100 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 84 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | Helmholtz共振腔 、噪音 、驅動條件 、噴流 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Helmholtz resonator, Noise, Driving conditions, Air jet |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:132 下載:4 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
近年來隨著人類對於生活品質的要求提高,噪音的問題也日益受到重視。從早期的管風琴、管弦樂器到管路、噴射引擎、汽機車排氣管或電子產品上的微共振腔,不論是產生聲音或是降低噪音,皆可發現Helmholtz共振腔的蹤跡。就產生聲音的角度來看,如果能夠降低驅動樂器的困難度,使一般民眾皆能容易的吹奏樂器或者將抑制噪音的技術用來產生特定的聲音…等等,將具有其商業潛力。
首先,本研究使用噴流在不同位置、角度下驅動共振腔,觀察共振腔之特性,搜尋較容易驅動共振腔之條件。接下來再對不同進氣口、吹口進行比較。最終,在經過一連串實驗後找出較佳的進氣口與吹口條件後,進行優化實驗。研究結果顯示,共振腔體厚度越厚,所能產生之聲音強度越高;在共振腔開口附近進行驅動將能得到穩定的頻率值與高的分貝值。另外,共振腔在增設了進氣口與吹口後,其所能夠驅動共振腔之極限頸長也增加許多,換句話說,有了進氣口與吹口的輔助,共振腔更容易被驅動。
In recent years, noise problems have been taken as an important issue with the demanding of better life quality by human beings. Applications of Helmholtz resonators on eliminating noises can be widely seen in pipelines, jet engines, tailpipes and mufflers, or even in electronic equipment. On the other hand, the beautiful sound made by organ pipes and musical instruments are based on the concept of resonator as well. As a result, we can see the potential of taking advantages of sound to different applications. For instance, players of the musical instrument can easily overcome learning barriers by decreasing the difficulty of driving musical resonators, engineers can create specific sounds by exploiting the Helmholtz resonator, etc.
In this study, we explore various driving conditions by means of air jet to drive the resonator in different locations and angles first. Then, the performance difference between mouthpieces and blowers is compared. Finally, suitable conditions of guiding mouthpieces and blowers are obtained. Accordingly, experiments show several key results: (a) The thicker of the resonator wall, the louder sound it can create; (b) Higher sound intensities and more consistent frequency values can be obtained nearby the orifice of the resonator than other places; (c) With modified blowers and mouthpieces, resonators are much easier to be driven.
[1] “財團法人車輛研究測試中心”[ http://www.artc.org.tw/index.aspx. Accessed 7/10/12.]
[2] Cremer, L., and Ising, H., "The Self-Excited Vibrations of Organ Pipes (in German)," Acustica, Vol. 19, pp. 143-153, 1967.
[3] Panton, R.L., and Miller, J.M., "Excitation of A Helmholtz Resonator by Turbulent Boundary Layer," J. Acoust. Soc. Am, Vol. 58, pp. 800-806, 1975.
[4] Fletcher, N.H., "Jet-Drive Mechanism in Organ Pipes," J. Acoust. Soc. Am, Vol. 60, pp. 481-483, 1976.
[5] Fletcher, N.H., "Air Flow and Sound Generation in Musical Wind Instruments," Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 11, pp. 123, 1975.
[6] Rossiter, J.E., "Wind-Tunnel Experiments on The Flow over Rectangular Cavities at Subsonic and Transonic Speeds," Aeronautical Research Council Reports and Memoranda, R&M, No. 3438, 1966.
[7] Rockwell, D., and Naudascher, E., "Review--Self-Sustaining Oscillations of Flow Past Cavities," J. Fluids Eng, Vol. 100, pp. 152-165, 1978.
[8] Morel, T., "Experimental Study of A Jet-Driven Helmholtz Oscillator," American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Winter Annual Meeting, San Francisco, Calif., Dec. 1978.
[9] Pollack, M.L., "Flow-Induced Tones in Side-Branch Pipe Resonators," J. Acoust. Soc. Am, Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 1153-1156, 1980.
[10] Elder, S.A., "Self-Excited Depth-Mode Resonance for A Wall-Mounted Cavity in Turbulent Flow," J. Acoust. Soc. Am, Vol. 64, pp. 877-890, 1978.
[11] Nelson, P.A., Halliwell, N.A., and Doak, P.E., "Fluid Dynamics of A Flow Excited Resonance. Part I: Experiment," J. Sound Vib, Vol. 78, pp. 15-38, 1981.
[12] Nelson, P.A., Halliwell, N.A., and Doak, P.E., "Fluid Dynamics of A Flow Excited Resonance. Part II: Flow Acoustic Interaction," J. Sound Vib, Vol. 91, pp. 375-402, 1983.
[13] Elder, S.A., Farabee, T.M., and Demetz, F.C., "Mechanisms of Flow‐Excited Cavity Tones at Low Mach Number," J. Acoust. Soc. Am, Vol. 72, No. 2, pp. 532-549, 1982.
[14] Meissner, M., "The Response of A Helmholtz Resonator to External Excitation. Part II: Flow-Induced Resonance," Arch. Acoust, Vol. 30, pp. 57-71, 2005.
[15] Ma, R., Slaboch, P.E., and Morris, S.C., "Fluid Mechanics of The Flow-Excited Helmholtz Resonator," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 623, pp. 1-26, 2009.
[16] Tang, P.K., and Sirignano, W.A., "Theory of A Generalized Helmholtz Resonator," Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 26, pp. 247-262, 1973.
[17] Panton, R.L., and Miller, J.M., "Resonant Frequencies of Cylindrical Helmholtz Resonators," J. Acoust. Soc. Am, Vol. 57, No. 6, pp. 1533-1535, 1975.
[18] Monkewitz, P.A., and Nguyen, V.N., "The Response of Helmholtz Resonators to External Excitation. Part I: Single Resonators," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 151, pp. 477-497, 1985.
[19] Alster, M., "Improved Calculation of Resonant Frequencies of Helmholtz Resonators," Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 24, pp. 63-85, 1972.
[20] Selamet, A., Dickey, N.S., and Novak, J.M., "Theoretical, Computational and Experimental Investigation of Helmholtz Resonators with Fixed Volume: Lumped Versus Distributed Analysis," Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 187, No. 2, pp. 358-367, 1995.
[21] Beranek, L.L., Noise and Vibration Control, revised ed., Vol. 12 and 15, The Institute of Noise Control Engineering, 1992.
[22] Nelson, P.A., and Elliott, S.J., Active Control of Sound. Academic Press, New York, 1992.
[23] Chen, K.T., Chen, Y.H., Lin, K.Y., and Weng, C.C., "The Improvement on The Transmission Loss of A Duct by Adding Helmholtz Resonators," Applied Acoustics, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 71-82, 1998.
[24] "Britannica encyclopedia"
[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/260531/Helmholtz-resonator. Accessed 7/08/12.]
[25] Kinsler, L.E., Frey, A.R., Coppens, A.B., and Sanders, J.V., Fundamentals of Acoustics, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1982.
[26] 李輝煌,田口方法品質設計的原理與實務,高立圖書有限公司,2008。