背景：輕度認知障礙係指一種持續性認知衰退或記憶力受損的狀況，是一種在正常老化與失智症前期的過渡階段或前驅期，社區內有輕度認知障礙患者的比率相當高，如何降低因老化所造成的認知功能退化，是當前重要的議題，已知透過運動可改善身體適能並改善部分認知功能，但先前研究多以有氧運動介入，並以探討預防體能衰退為主，針對其他類型的運動介入有需要做進一步的探討。反應時間延遲將提高老年人發生意外事故的風險(如：車禍、跌倒…等)，但運動、介入的運動模式與對反應時間之影響有待進一步確認。
目的：比較12週的整合式運動，及以自由重量、負載體重為主的肌力訓練，兩種不同運動模式介入，探討運動對於社區有輕度認知障礙症狀高齡者於反應時間、認知能力和身體適能的影響。
方法：本研究以聖路易大學心智狀態測驗(slums)判斷受試者認知狀態，招募社區60歲以上俱輕度認知障礙知高齡者為研究對象(共72名)，配合社區健康營造策略進行，分為整合式運動組(n=24)、阻力訓練組(n=26)、控制組(n=22)共三組，進行為期12週，每週2次，每次90分鐘之課程介入；包括實驗組的整合式運動訓練或阻力訓練，及控制組的平板電腦之介入課程，，於實驗前後分別檢測受試者全身反應時間、簡單反應時間、簡單動作時間，以及上下肢肌力、柔軟度、平衡及心肺功能等功能性體適能的變化。以前測數值為共變量進行單因子共變數分析(one-way ANCOVA)，檢定3組在12週運動介入前後依變項的變化，探討不同種類運動型態對於輕度認知障礙高齡者於反應時間、認知以及身體適能之影響。
結果：經過12週運動訓練介入後，共53人完成本研究之訓練課程(整合式運動組18人；阻力訓練組18人；控制組17人)，三組於體重、身體質量指數之改變情形並無達到顯著差異。整合式運動(+6.7%)和阻力訓練(+12.45%)在心智狀態測驗分數雖然有進步，但與控制組(-0.76%)並無顯著差異。在反應時間部分：整合式運動組(-21.93%)與阻力訓練組(-9.04%)在全身性整體反應時間之改變量皆顯著優於控制組(+1.13%)(p <.05)；簡單動作時間平均值，整合式訓練組(-7.41%)與阻力訓練組(-0.81%)皆顯著優於控制組(+27.58%)(p <.05)；簡單動作時間最佳值部分，整合式運動組(-9.05%)之改變量顯著優於控制組(+16.07%)(p <.05)。體適能部分則是阻力訓練組(+18.48%)上肢肌力的增加顯著優於整合式運動組(+6.58%)及控制組(-4.74%)；下肢肌力項目，整合式運動組(+15.11%)與阻力訓練組(+21.32%)之改變量皆顯著優於控制組(-2.13%)，且阻力訓練組於顯著優於整合式運動組(p <.05)；握力項目則是整合式運動組(+24.32%)與阻力訓練組(+16.01%)前後測之改變量顯著大於控制組(-14.83%)(p <.05)；動態平衡能力項目，整合式運動組(-13.82%)與阻力訓練組(-10.47%)皆顯著優於控制組(+7.58) (p <.05)；靜態平衡項目，以右腳站立，整合式運動組(+151.74%)與阻力訓練組(+13.51%)之改變量與控制組(-21.4%)相較達顯著差異(p <.05)；以左腳站立，整合式運動組(+169.39%)與阻力訓練組(+54.30%)之改變量與控制組(+7.86%)相較達顯著差異(p <.05)。
結論：透過12週短時間的整合式運動介入強化反應能力與平衡能力，肌力訓練介入則增進肌肉力量，建議未來可依據多元化的整合式運動增進反應能力表現，或以阻力訓練增進其肌肉力量，並以合適的運動模式，作為提升社區內輕度認知障礙高齡者日常生活自理能力，進而降低跌倒風險之高齡者健康促進活動與運動策略。

Purpose: To examine the effects on cognitive ability, reaction ability, and functional fitness after 12 weeks of two different types of exercise intervention in community-dwelling elderly adults with mild cognitive impairment.
Methods: Seventy-two participants aged over 60 years old were classified as having probable mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using the Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) examination. Participants were assigned to three groups (CG, n=22, 74.58±5.78 years; RTG, n=24, 72.00±7.15 years; MEG, n=26, 72.77±5.65 years). The exercise groups performed twice-weekly resistance training or multicomponent exercise training for 1.5 hours led by certified fitness instructors, and the control groups attended twice-weekly tablet computers course for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure were the simple reaction time and simple movement time, as measured by the Vienna-test system (VTS), the total body reaction time was measured with both feet on a measuring instrument (HELMAS NH-3000I), while functional fitness was measured with The Senior Functional Fitness Test (SFFT).
Results: O the 72 participants, a total of 53 completed the 12-week trial after the training period (18 in the MEG group, 18 in the RT group, 17 in the CG group). There were no significant changes in body composition between the groups at both pre- andpost-study periods. Although both MEG and RTG increased their SLUMS scores, there was no significant difference in cognitive ability (MEG:+6.7%; RTG:+12.45%; CG:-0.76%) after 12 weeks .The total body reaction time for the MEG (-21.93%) and RTG (-9.04%) decreased significantly compared to the that seen for the CG (+1.13%)(p <.05), and the simple movement time for the MEG (-7.41%) and RTG (-0.81%) decreased significantly compared to the CG (+27.58% )(p <.05). RTG (+18.48%) saw a significant increase in upper limb strength compared to MEG (+6.58%) and CG (-4.74%). With regard to lower limb strength and grip, RTG and MEG saw significant increases compared to CG (p <.05). Both MET (-13.82%) and RTG (-10.47%) improved more significantly than CG (+7.58%) in the 8-foot-up-and-go (p <.05), and one leg standing tests (right side: RTG: +13.51%; MEG: +151.74%; CG: -21.40%; left side: RTG: +54.30%; MEG: +169.39%; CG: +7.86%) (p <.05).
Conclusion: These findings indicate that participating in a multicomponent exercise and resistance exercise program to promote health can improve the reaction time, muscle strength, agility and dynamic balance in community-based elderly subjects with cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that short, twice-weekly MET and RTG are promising and effective community-based health promotion activities for elderly people with mild cognitive impairment.

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