由相關統計資料顯示，我國人口結構將日趨老化，高齡者駕駛的相關議題也日益重要。高齡者在健康、身心狀況上的衰退，使得其駕駛之安全性也相對降低；然而，與其消極地全面禁止高齡者開車，我們應該以更積極的方式，培養高齡者對駕駛的正確觀念，以及對其本身駕駛行為和駕駛能力的自覺。

　　根據Eby等人在2003年的研究結果顯示，使用駕駛行為自我評估手冊( Driving Decisions Workbook)( Eby et al., 2000)，對高齡者的駕駛行為之自我察覺與一般知識有顯著的助益。因此，本研究引進駕駛行為自我評估手冊，並以使用者、醫學專家、交通專家和人因工程專家的角度，檢視翻譯之適切性，以編譯中文版之駕駛行為自我評估手冊。

　　本研究主要包括三大目標。第一，調查台灣地區高齡駕駛者的駕駛狀況、駕駛習慣以及駕駛行為；第二，檢視人格特質中的衝動性、冒險性和同理心對於高齡駕駛者及其駕駛行為影響；第三，探討駕駛決策手冊的效用以及實用性。本研究的實驗受測者為台灣地區65歲以上的高齡駕駛者，其人格特質、駕駛習慣以及駕駛行為之相關資料將由問卷方式取得。在駕駛決策手冊效用評估方面，受測者會先進行評估問卷前測、閱讀駕駛行為問卷、再進行評估問卷後測，以檢視閱讀手冊前後評估問卷答項的差異。

　　研究結果顯示，人格特質中衝動性程度高的受測者，容易出現駕駛行為中的錯誤、失誤和違犯。經過統計分析，我們可以發現駕駛決策手冊對於改善高齡駕駛安全的確是有效且實用的。

　According to the related statistical data, elderly population is expending in our country. Driving behavior of the elderly has become an important issue to discuss. As their health, physical and mental conditions declined of the aging people, also did their driving safety. Instead of completely forbidding the elderly to drive, we ought to positively bring up the correct knowledge of driving to them, and increase their self-awareness of the driving conditions.

　The Driving Decisions Workbook (DDW, Eby et al, 2000a), a self-assessed instrument for aging people, could increase self-awareness and general knowledge of driving. This research introduced the DDW to elder drivers in Taiwan. We translated the DDW into Chinese, and discuss the translation with the users, medical experts, transportation experts and ergonomics experts, to build up the Chinese version of the DDW.

　The study mainly has three objectives. First, investigate Taiwanese elder drivers’ driving condition, driving habits and driving behavior. Second, discover the impact of impulsiveness-veturesomeness-empathy characteristics of the elder drivers on their driving behavior. Third, examine the effectiveness and usefulness of DDW. The subjects of the experiment are drivers over 65 ye0ars old in Taiwan. Data of personal characteristics, driving habits and driving behavior was selected through a questionnaire. For the DDW evaluation, subjects were asked to do a pretest, read the DDW and then do the posttest to see the difference between the pretest and the posttest of the evaluation questionnaire.

　The result showed that subjects with high impulsiveness level would have more driving errors, driving lapses and driving violations. By doing the statistical analysis, we concluded that DDW is indeed effective and useful for improving elder driving safety.

Broen, N.L. and Chiang, D.P. (1996). Breaking response times for 100 drivers in the avoidance of an unexpected obstacle as measured in a driving simulator. Proceeding of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40th Annual Meeting, 900-904. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Chrysler, A.T., Danielson, S.M. and Kirby, V.M. (1996). Age differences in visual abilities in nighttime driving field conditions. Proceeding of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40th Annual Meeting, 923-927. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Chu, X. (1995). The effects of age on the driving habits of the elderly: Evidence from 1990 National Personal Transportation Study (Report No. DOT-T95-12). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of University Research and Education.
Eby, D.W., Molnar L.J. and Shope, J.T. (2000a). Driving decisions workbook (Report No. UMTRI-2000-14). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.
Eby, D.W., Molnar, L.J., Shope, J.T., Vivoda, J.M. and Fordyce, T.A. (2003). Improving older driver knowledge and self-awareness through self-assessment: The driving decisions workbook. Journal of Safety Research, 34, 371-381.
Eby, D.W., Shope, J.T., Molnar, L.J. and Vivoda, J.M. (2000b). Improvement of the older driver safety through self-evaluation: The development of a self-evaluation instrument (Report No. UMTRI-2000-04). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.
Eby, D.W., Trombley, D., Molnar, L.J. and Shope, J.T. (1998). The assessment of older driver’s capabilities: A review of the literature (Report No. UMTRI-98-24). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.
Eysenck, S.B.G. and Eysenck, H.J. (1978). Impulsiveness and venturesomeness: Their position in a dimensional system of personality description. Psychological Report, 43, 1247-1255.
Greene, F.A., Koppa, J.R., Zellner, R.D. and Congleton, J.J. (1994). Determine legibility distance for highway signs: Is the within subject variability being overlooked? Proceeding of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40th Annual Meeting, 907-911. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Guerrier, J.H., Manivannan, P., Pacheco, A. and Wilkie, F.L. (1995). The relationship of age and cognitive characteristics of drivers to performance of driving tasks on an interactive driving simulator. Proceeding of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting, 172-176. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Hakamies-Blomqvist, L. and Wahlstörm, B. (1998). Why do older drivers give up driving? Accident Analysis and Prevention, 30, 305-312.
Kostyniuk, L.P. and Shope, J.T. (2003). Driving and alternatives: Older drivers in Michigan. Journal of Saety Research, 34, 407-414.
Lawton, R., Parker, D., Stradling, S.G. and Manstead, A.S. (1997). Predicting road traffic accidents: The role of social deviance and violations. British Journal of Psychology, 88, 249-262.
Lyman, J.M., McGwin Jr., G. and Sims, R.V. (2001). Factors related to driving difficulty and habits in older drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 33, 413-421.
Malfetti, J.W. and Winter, D.J. (1987). Drivers 55 Plus: Test Your Own Performance. Falls Church, VA: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.
McKnight, A.S. and McKnight, A.J. (1994). The Automated Psychophysical Test (APT) for assessing age-diminished capabilities. Behavior Resource Methods, Instruments and Computers, 26, 187-191.
Mortimer, R.G. (1989). Older drivers' visibility and comfort in night driving: vehicle design factors. Proceeding of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 33rd Annual Meeting, 154-158. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA] (2004). Traffic Safety Facts 2003- Older population (Report No. DOT-HS-809-766). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation.
Owsley, C., McGwin Jr., G. and McNeal, S.F. (2003). Impact of impulsiveness, venturesomeness and empathy on driving by older adults. Journal of Safety Research, 34, 353-359.
Owsley, C., McGwin Jr., G., Phillips, J.M., McNeal, S.F. and Stalvey, B.T. (2004). Impact of an educational program on the safety of high-risk, visual impaired, older drivers. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 26, 222-229.
Owsley, C., Stalvey, B., Wells, J. and Sloane, M.E. (1999). Older drivers and cataract: Driving habits and crash risk. Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 54A, M203-M211.
Parker, D., McDonald, L., Rabbitt, P. and Sutcliffe, P. (2000). Elderly drivers and their accidents: the Aging Driver Questionnaire. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 32, 751-759.
Ranney, T.A. and Pulling, N.H. (1989). Relation of individual differences in information-processing ability to driving performance. Proceeding of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 33rd Annual Meeting, 965-969. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Ranney, T.A. and Simmons, L.A.S. (1992). The effect of age and target location uncertainty on decision making in a simulated driving task. Proceeding of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 36th Annual Meeting, 166-170. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Renner, W. and Anderle, F. (2000). Venturesomeness and extraversion as correlates of juvenile drivers’ traffic violations. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 32, 673-678.
Schieber, F. and Kline, D.W. (1994). Age differences in the legibility of symbol highway sign as a function of luminance and glare level: A preliminary report. Proceeding of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting, 133-136. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Schlag, B. (1993). Elderly drivers in Germany- Fitness and driving behavior. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 25, 47-55.
Scialfa, C.T., Kline, D.W., Lyman, B.J. and Kosnik, W. (1987). Age differences in judgments of vehicle velocity and distance. Proceeding of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 31st Annual Meeting, 558-561. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Stutts, J.C. and Wilkins, J.W. (2003). On-road driving evaluations: A potential tool for helping older adults drive safely longer. Journal of Safety Research, 34, 431-439.
Waller, J.A. (1992). Research and other issues concerning effects of medical condition on elderly drivers. Human Factors, 34, 3-15.
Wiseman, E.V. and Souder, E. (1996). The older driver: A handy tool to assess competence behind the wheel. Geriatrics, 51, 36-45.
Yanik, A.J. (1989). Factors to consider when designing vehicles for older drivers. Proceeding of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 33rd Annual Meeting, 164-168. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
行政院主計處（2004），中華民國統計月報，第468期，台北市，行政院主計處。
行政院經濟建設委員會人力規劃處（2001），新世紀人力發展案，民國九十年至九十三年，台北市，行政院經濟建設委員會。
交通部道路安全督導委員會（1994），道路交通安全教育資訊年刊，八十三年版，台北，國立教育資料館。
林大煜、賴靜慧 (2001a)，民國八十九年及歷年道路交通事故之趨勢與特性分析，道路交通安全教育資訊年刊，九十年版，54-78。
林大煜、賴靜慧 (2001b)，道路交通事故當事人之年齡特性分析，台北市，交通部運輸研究所。
侯尚志（1982），台北市車輛駕駛人違規行為─因素分析之研究，國立交通大學交通運輸研究所碩士論文。
蔡佳璋（2003），都會交通事故與用路人關係之研究—以台南市為例，長榮大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。