企業為了在全球化時代中永續經營，主要的關鍵因素取決於員工之間知識學習的成果。因為良好的知識學習效果，才能降低企業內部控制成本以及員工知識訓練成本，創造企業競爭力的優勢。然而國內中小企業往往為了追求產能而擴充人力，卻忽略員工間知識學習的重要性。

過去的知識學習研究多集中在學術、軍事、公家機關等領域，鮮少論及中小企業的部分。是故，本研究以「領導者和部屬之間關係品質」為研究理論基礎，探討大高雄地區中小型企業知識學習成效與工作績效表現間的關係。

本研究對象為大高雄地區資本額八千萬元以下之中小型製造業員工，發放720份問卷，總共33家廠商，回收384份有效問卷，有效回收率為53.33%，並利用多元迴歸方法進行研究資料分析。研究結果發現：一、中小企業在領導者和部屬之間關係品質對企業員工知識學習成效具有正向之影響；二、企業員工知識學習成效對工作績效具有正向之影響；三、中小企業在領導者和部屬之間關係品質對工作績效具有正向之影響；四、企業員工知識學習成效在領導者與部屬交換品質與員工工作績效關係中扮演中介角色。
本研究建議中小型企業落實完整的員工知識學習、善用人際溝通和企業多元化溝通管道，藉由知識經驗累積與傳承，增進領導者與部屬交換關係、企業員工知識學習成效與工作績效。

Successful knowledge learning among the employees is the key to build an ever-lasting enterprise in this global economy. Effective results of employees’knowledge learning can help enterprise reduce costs and furthermore create a competitive edge. However, in the pursuit of productivity, domestic enterprises tend to expand their human resources with the neglect of knowledge learning among employees.
In the past, studies about knowledge learning have focused on many fields including academia, military, government agencies, but rarely on small and medium size enterprises. This study used the leader-member exchange (LMX) theory as the research base to examine the relationships between employees’knowledge learning and their performance in the small and medium enterprises in Kaohsiung.
Research participants in this study are the employees who work at the small and medium industries in Kaohsiung. A total number of 720 surveys were given to the employees in 33 companies, and 384 effective surveys were returned. Response rate of the study is 53.33%. Data of this study were analyzed with multiple-regression. Results of the study showed that (1) the LMX quality in the small and medium size private enterprises has a positive affect on employees’ knowledge learning; (2) the employees’ knowledge learning has a positive affect on their work performance; (3) the LMX quality in the small and medium size private enterprises has a positive affect on their employees’ work performance; (4) employees’ knowledge learning has a mediating effect on the relationships between LMX quality and work performance.
Results of the study suggested that small and medium size private enterprises should implement effective knowledge learning programs. Moreover, the small and medium entterprised should facilitate the internal communication within the organizations in various ways to enhance the LMX quality, employees’ effective learning, and working performance.

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