過去研究災害與心理疾病相關議題的文獻大多專注在災害所造成的心理疾病發病率與心理疾病惡化之風險因子的探討，卻沒分析災害對心理疾病就醫與支出的影響，故本研究將探討水災與坡地災害對於心理疾病門診就醫的長短期影響。
本研究使用健康保險研究資料庫與莫拉克颱風災情相關資料及地區重要統計指標外部資料連結。收集莫拉克颱風（2009）前後一年與莫拉克颱風後第二年的資料作樣本，並以災害類型作為處理，分為實驗組與對照組。使用差異中差異法迴歸分析水災及坡地災害對受災地區居民心理疾病門診就醫的影響。
研究結果發現：（1）不論短期還是長期，水災會使心理疾病就醫診次比率與心理疾病就醫支出比率皆顯著上升。有「週年反應」。災後第一年心理疾病就醫診次比率增加1.69個百分點，心理疾病就醫支出比率增加2.35個百分點。災後第二年心理疾病就醫診次比率增加1.55個百分點，心理疾病就醫支出比率增加1.8個百分點。（2）除短期下的心理疾病就醫診次比率顯著上升外，坡地災害對心理疾病就醫診次比率與心理疾病就醫支出比率皆無顯著影響。（3）水災及坡地災害發生在同一鄉鎮時，短期心理疾病就醫診次比率下降，長期則無顯著變化。長期與短期的心理疾病就醫支出比率皆上升。
結論：水災為影響心理疾病就醫的主要因素。坡地災害造成的災害雖大但影響範圍相對水災小許多，除了短期心理疾病就醫診次比率有增加外，對長期下的心理疾病就醫診次比率與心理疾病就醫支出比率沒有顯著的影響。在水災及坡地災害為處理的樣本中，短期心理疾病就醫診次比率下降，但支出比率顯著上升。長期心理疾病就醫診次比率則無顯著變化，心理疾病就醫支出比率則顯著增加。

This study estimated the impact of flood and landslide disaster on the short term and long term outpatient care of mental illness. Specifically, we study the visits and expenditures of outpatient care for mental illness. The outpatient medical records data is collected from 2008 to 2011 from National Health Insurance Research Database and analyzed by the difference-in-differences (DID) fixed effect regression model. The results showed that floods increase the rate of visits for mental illness and the rate of expenditures for mental illness in both short-term and long-term. Second, landslide disasters have no significant effect on the rate of visits for mental illness and the rate of expenditures for mental illness. Third, when floods and landslide disasters occur in the same township, rate of visits for mental illness is reduced in the short-term, but there is no significant change in long-term. The rate of expenditures for mental illness has increased significantly in both long-term and short-term. To sum up, floods would affect mental illness. The landslide disasters have no significant impact on the rate of visits and expenditures for mental illness. Because the disasters caused by landslide disasters are very large but the impact range is much smaller than that of floods. When floods and landslide disasters occur in the same township, rate of visits for mental illness reduces in the short-term, but there is no significant change in long-term. The rate of expenditures for mental illness increases significantly in both long-term and short-term.

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