公共自行車已成為我國都市短程通勤與日常活動的重要交通工具，其使用行為亦反映居民活動型態與都市空間組織之變化。都市活動空間係由個體日常移動行為長期累積形成，而移動模式之變化除反映交通需求特徵外，亦呈現都市活動組織與空間使用方式之差異。過往公共自行車研究多著重於單一時間截面下之使用特徵與空間分布分析，然而公共自行車使用行為是否隨時間產生變化，以及其活動空間結構與土地使用環境之關聯如何演變，仍值得從長期尺度進一步探討。
本研究以臺北市 YouBike 使用者為研究對象，旨在探討公共自行車使用行為特徵之長期變遷，並分析其活動空間結構及與土地使用環境之對應關係。研究蒐集2021、2022及2024年平日公共自行車租借紀錄資料，以行為地理學為理論基礎，整合描述性統計、K-means集群分析、社群網絡分析及典型相關分析等方法，從時間、行為、空間及土地使用等面向解析公共自行車使用行為之時空特徵。
研究結果顯示，在活動行為結構方面不同年度公共自行車使用行為皆維持相似之時間結構，平日尖峰時段以短程使用為主，離峰時段則呈現較多中長程及彈性活動特徵，反映出公共自行車使用已形成相對穩定之日常活動模式。雖然各類型使用量隨時間增加，其中短程使用成長最為明顯但整體並未產生大幅變化；在活動空間方面，維持一定程度之社群穩定性，惟不同社群仍呈現擴張、收縮及重組等差異化變化；在土地使用關聯方面，則顯示出不同土地使用類型與公共自行車使用行為及社群空間特徵呈現差異化關聯，整體而言住宅、混合住宅及多元活動機能較高之空間，與公共自行車使用行為特徵呈現較高程度之對應關係。
綜合而言，本研究建構多年度公共自行車租借大數據時空分析架構，提供公共自行車長期使用行為與活動空間演變之分析視角。研究成果證實公共自行車使用行為已逐漸形成穩定之活動結構，並已形成具有持續調整特性之活動空間。公共自行車不僅為都市日常移動工具，更可作為觀察居民實際活動空間的重要媒介，並作為未來都市生活圈建構、人本交通規劃及公共自行車系統優化之參考依據。

Public bicycles have become an important mode of short-distance urban mobility in Taiwan, and their usage behavior reflects changes in daily activity patterns and urban spatial organization. However, previous studies have mainly examined public bicycle usage at a single point in time, with less attention to long-term changes in usage behavior and its relationship with activity space and land use. This study examines Taipei City’s YouBike system using weekday rental records from 2021, 2022, and 2024. Grounded in Behavioral Geography, the study integrates descriptive statistics, K-means clustering, community detection, and canonical correlation analysis to examine changes in usage behavior, activity space, and land-use relationships.
The results show that YouBike usage maintains a similar temporal structure across years, with short-distance trips dominating peak periods and more medium- to long-distance trips occurring during off-peak periods. Although usage volume increases, particularly for short trips, the overall behavioral structure remains relatively stable. Community structures also maintain a degree of stability, while individual communities exhibit expansion, contraction, and reorganization. Land-use relationships vary across spatial contexts, with residential, mixed-residential, and multifunctional areas showing stronger associations with usage behavior and activity space characteristics. Overall, this study provides a multi-year spatiotemporal framework for understanding changes in public bicycle usage and activity space, highlighting the value of public bicycle data for observing urban activity patterns and supporting human-oriented transportation and living-circle planning.

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