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研究生：	劉志鴻 Liu, Jihn-Hong
論文名稱：	體外模擬探討胸主動脈支架位移 In-vitro Thoracic Stent Graft Migration on a Mock Circulation Loop
指導教授：	尤芳忞 Yu, Fan-Ming 甘宗旦 Kan, Chung-Dann
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 航空太空工程學系 Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
論文出版年：	2014
畢業學年度：	102
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	76
中文關鍵詞：	內套膜支架治療、支架位移、摩擦力
外文關鍵詞：	Endovascular aneurysm repair, stent graft migration, friction force
相關次數：	點閱：137 下載：1
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胸主動脈內支架手術(Thoracic Endovascular aneurysm repair)是將「胸主動脈支架」植入主動脈瘤血管內，並有效地將病變的血管瘤阻隔開來，達到治療的目的。一般來說進行此項手術有可能會有內滲漏的併發症，本論文主要探討支架位移所導致第一型內滲漏。胸主動脈支架主要是利用外徑的大小來產生徑向力(radial force)來支撐在胸主動脈壁上，故本論文主要針對三家不同廠牌的支架在不同的管徑大小(oversize)置入體外模擬循環系統內，在最接近人體的環境下進行拉力測試(pullout test)，取得當支架位移時所需要的摩擦力(friction force)，並取得支架與管壁之間的摩擦係數(coefficient of friction)進而找出各廠牌的最佳表現的支架管徑，並比較支架在不同金屬材質下的表現情形。

Thoracic Endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) has developed into a mainstream surgical option for the management of thoracic aortic aneurysm. This operation is using stent graft to implant in the aneurysm site, and the blood would flow in the stent graft to keep the aneurysm from rupture. The type I endoleak caused by migration of stent graft is still the serious complication for patient who under TEVAR. Stent graft oversize is the important factor which is defined as the percentage of how much stent graft diameter is larger than the inner or outer aortic wall diameter, and another factor is the material of stent graft. This thesis would discuss different oversize stent grafts on an in-vitro mock circulation loop system which can simulate human’s pulsate flow and doing stent graft pullout force test. The friction force would be obtained and evaluate the performance of stent graft under different diameter (oversize).

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
Contents IV
Table Contents VII
Figure Contents	VIII
Symbols XI
中文主文題要 XII
第一章 緒論 XII
第二章 理論分析 XIII
第三章 實驗設備、方法與步驟	XIV
第四章 結果與討論	XV
第五章 結論與建議	XVI

Chapter 1 Introduction	1
1-1 Preface 1
1-2 Introduction of EVAR, endoleak and stent graft migration	2
1-2-1 Introduction of EVAR 2
1-2-2 Endoleak classification 4
1-2-3 Migration of stent graft 7
1-3 Literature reviews 7

Chapter 2 Theoretical Analysis 10
2-1 Friction Force and coefficient of friction 10
2-1-1 Definition of the friction force 10
2-1-2 Definition of coefficient of friction 11
2-2 Introduction to three brands of stent graft 13
2-2-1 Valiant stent graft 13
2-2-2 Zenith stent graft 13
2-2-3 Gore TAG stent graft 14
2-3 Property of materials in stent graft 14
2-3-1 Nitinol 14
2-3-2 Stainless steel 15
2-3-3 Polyethylene terephthalate 16
2-3-4 ePTFE 17
2-3-5 Polyurethane 18
2-4 Cylindrical pressure vessels 19
2-4-1 Free Body Segment Method 19
2-4-2 Elasticity Method	21
2-4-3 Relation of Radial Interference and Contact Pressure	24

Chapter 3 Experiment Apparatus and Testing Methods 27
3-1 Components of mock circulation loop	27
3-1-1 Left ventricle model 27
3-1-2 Solenoid valve and air-reserve tank 27
3-1-3 Spring compliance and syringe compliance 28
3-1-4 Model of thoracic aorta 30
3-1-5 Stent grafts	30
3-1-6 Temperature controller and heating rod	30
3-1-7 Magnet pump	31
3-2 Measurement equipments	31
3-2-1 Driving system and data acquisition	31
3-2-2 Pressure transducer	32
3-2-3 Ultrasonic flowmeter	32
3-2-4 Force gauge	33
3-2-5 Syringe pump	33
3-2-6 Material tensile system	33
3-3 Testing methods and procedures	34
3-3-1 Comparison of pullout force device design	34
3-3-2 Pullout force test of stent graft in mock circulation loop 35
3-4 Analysis with coefficient of friction 36

Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 37
4-1 Pullout force test with material tensile testing system	37
4-2 Pullout force test with force gauge	38
4-3 Pullout force test on a mock circulation loop 38
4-4 Coefficient of friction of the commercial stent grafts.	40

Chapter 5 Conclusion and recommends 41
References 42

Table 1.1 Classification of endoleak from reference [11]	49
Table 1.2 Lack of device-wall apposition results from reference [20]	49
Table 2.1 Materials of three commercial stent grafts	50
Table 2. 2 Property of stent materials	50
Table 2.3 Property of graft materials	51
Table 4.1 Friction force data	52

LIST OF TABLES 
Table 1.1 Classification of endoleak from reference [11]	49
Table 1.2 Lack of device-wall apposition results from reference [20]	49
Table 2.1 Materials of three commercial stent grafts	50
Table 2. 2 Property of stent materials	50
Table 2.3 Property of graft materials	51
Table 4.1 Friction force data	52

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Diagram of aorta in human’s body from Lee Memorial Health System.	53
Figure 1.2 Type of aneurysm from Health Hype.com.	53
Figure 1.3 Types of endoleak from	54
Figure 1.4 Poor apposition of the stent graft.	54
Figure 2.1 Free body diagram of σL from Mechanics of Material, T,A. Philpot, 2011	55
Figure 2.2 Free body diagram of σh from Mechanics of Material, T,A. Philpot, 2011	55
Figure 2.3 Thick walled cylinder with open ends	56
Figure 2.4 Strains in the element	56
Figure 2.5 Diagram of inner and outer members press fit together	57
Figure2.6 Definition of radial interference	57
Figure 3.1 Left ventricle model	58
Figure 3.2 Ball-shaped polyurethane Left ventricle model	58
Figure 3.3 Solenoid valve and air-reserve tank	59
Figure 3.4 Spring compliance	59
Figure 3.6 Aortic arch model	60
Figure 3.7 Model of descending aorta with aneurysm	60
Figure 3.8 Valiant stent grafts	61
Figure 3.9 Zenith stent grafts	61
Figure 3.10 Gore TAG stent grafts	62
Figure 3.11 Temperature controller	62
Figure 3.11 National Instrument USB6008	63
Figure 3.12 Digital pressure gauge (Mensor Model DPG2400 )	63
Figure 3.13 Pressure transducer	64
Figure 3.14 LabVIEW pressure calibration vi	64
Figure 3.15 Calibration line	65
Figure 3.16 Ultrasonic flowmeter	65
Figure 3.17 Force gauge	66
Figure 3.18 Syringe pump	66
Figure 3.20 Model filled with 37℃ water	67
Figure 3.21 Comparison of two devices measuring pullout force	67
Figure 3.22 Model with wire tied on the top of stent graft.	68
Figure 3.25 Front panel of air-reserved tank	68
Figure 3.26 Data measured by pressure transducer and flowmeter	69
Figure 3.27 Data measured by ultrasonic flowmeter	69
Figure 3.28 Steel wire connect the bottom of stent graft	70
Figure 3.29 Steel wire connect to the hook of force gauge	70
Figure 3.30 The experiment procedure	71
Figure 4.1 Pullout force test of material tensile software	72
Figure 4.2 Pullout force results of Valiant stent graft	72
Figure 4.3 Stress-strain curve of nitinol from williamson-labs.com	73
Figure 4.4 Pullout force results of Zenith stent graft	73
Figure 4.5 Stress-strain curve of stainless steel	74
Figure 4.6 Pullout force results of Gore TAG stent graft	74
Figure 4.7 Comparison of three stent grafts pullout force results	75
Figure 4.8 Comparison of head of Valiant and Gore TAG	75
Figure 4.9 Comparison of three stent graft COF	76
                                    

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