本論文包含三個研究主題，第一個主題是以明膠為模板合成中孔洞氧化矽；此外也以明膠及兩種不同分子量的酚醛樹脂為有機模板合成中孔洞氧化矽材料及碳材。第二個主題是以明膠和酚醛樹脂為有機模板合成中孔洞磷酸鈣。第三個主題是製備高均勻度之中孔洞氧化矽球，此材料經離心過後具備光子晶體的行為。

第一部份：以明膠或明膠-酚醛樹脂混摻體為模板合成中孔洞材料
本研究為落實近年積極推動的綠色化學概念，找到一毒性最低且對環境污染程度最少的有機模板取代物—明膠。利用水解明膠仍具有胺基等可產生氫鍵的官能基，於適當條件下加入矽酸鈉合成有機無機混成材料，最後移除有機物得到氧化矽材料；此外，用高分子混摻的概念，以明膠及兩種不同分子量的酚醛樹脂(PF2180、PR620)為有機模板合成中孔洞氧化矽材及碳材也是本部份所要探討的重點。

第二部份：以明膠和酚醛樹脂為有機模板合成中孔洞磷酸鈣
本研究嘗試採用前面所述的明膠與兩種酚醛樹脂(PF2180、PR620)做為有機模板，磷酸鈣為無機物，以高分子混摻的概念合成明膠—酚醛樹脂—磷酸鈣複合材料。經由TEM觀察發現所製備的磷酸鈣複合材料具有特殊外型及孔洞性。此外，也嘗試在合成出複合材料後移除有機物，以製備中孔洞磷酸鈣材料。

第三部份：高均勻度中孔洞氧化矽球之合成
本實驗以自組合材料化學為基礎，使用有機物的四級銨鹽界面活性劑當模板( CnTMAB, n=12-18)，加入矽酸鈉當無機物之來源，在接近中性的化學環境下(i.e. pH=7.0–8.5, T = 30–40℃)合成出高均勻度的中孔洞氧化矽球。因為所合成出來的氧化矽球大小均勻度高，在高速離心後氧化矽球被規則地排列堆積，可得到似蛋白石的薄片結構，並具備其光子晶體的行為。光子晶體薄片呈現的色澤會因為氧化矽球粒徑大小改變而有所不同。研究中發現，氧化矽球的粒徑大小可利用改變反應溶液的pH值或添加助溶劑〈乙醇〉來控制。此外，在應用上，可將光子晶體薄片在600℃下鍛燒後，以喃醇為碳源，拓印光子晶體結構，而得到孔洞均勻，排列整齊之大孔洞碳材。

In this thesis, there are three major researching parts: 1. Synthesis of mesoporous silicas and carbons using gelatin or gelatin-phenol formaldehyde polymer blend as template. 2. Preparation of mesoporous calcium phosphate by using gelatin-phenol formaldehyde polymer blend as template. 3. Synthesis of uniform mesoporous silica spheres.

Part I：Synthesis of mesoporous silicas and carbons using gelatin or gelatin-phenol formaldehyde polymer blend as template.
Based on the concepts of green chemistry, we used new organic template gelatin, which possessed no toxicity to human health and the environment, to synthesize the mesoporous materials. Since the gelatin still possesses numerous amide groups (-CO-NH2) which can have a high affinity to strongly interact with silanol groups (Si-OH) on the silicate species via multiple hydrogen bonds. Thus, after adding sodium silicate solution as silica source, a homogeneous gelatine-silica composite was gained. Then, we will get the mesoporous silicas after removing the organic templates by calcination. In addition, a gelatin-phenol formaldehyde polymer blend, which including the carbonizable phenol formaldehyde resin, can also be used conveniently as a new template to prepare the mesoporous silicas and carbons.

Part II：Preparation of mesoporous calcium phosphate by using gelatin-phenol formaldehyde polymer blend as template.
In this study, a new method was proposed to prepare the mesoporous calcium phosphate composite by using gelatin-phenol formaldehyde polymer blend as template. The mesostructures and particular morphologies of the calcium phosphate composite were characterized by TEM observation. Furthermore, we attempted to remove the organic template without destroying the porosity of the mesostructures. Other detailed studies on the formation of porous calcium phosphate will be further explored.

Part III：Synthesis of uniform mesoporous silica spheres.
On the bases of theory of self-assemble chemistry, we proposed new chemical compositions to synthesize the uniform mesoporous silica spheres with different diameters using alkyltrimethylammonium (CnTMAB, n=12-18) surfactant as structure-directing agent and sodium silicate as silica source under a near neutral condition (pH=7.0-8.5). We used a high-speed centrifugation to gain a wet, opaline mesoporous silica-sphere sheet which possesses the distinguishing characteristic of the photonic crystals. And the color of the sheet depends on the diameter of the mesoporous silica spheres, which can be controlled with pH value and the amount of added cosolvent (i.e. ethanol). After calcination at 600℃ for 6h, the mesoporous silica sphere sheet turn to the opaque ones. We can use furfuryl alcohol as carbon source to infiltrate these mesoporous silica sphere sheet. After pyrolysis under N2 atmosphere and silica etching by HF solution, macroporous carbons was prepared.

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