鈣鈦礦(perovskite)是一種新興材料，因其優秀的光學性質而被廣泛研究，但其低晶格能導致的穩定性問題限制了其大範圍應用。使用短鏈配體製備鈣鈦礦晶體是常見的方法，然而這些短鏈配體的分子鏈較短，導致它們在鈣鈦礦表面的鍵合是動態的，容易在溶劑中解離和重新結合，對抗環境穩定性的能力也較差，無法完全防止鈣鈦礦晶體在極性溶劑中快速降解。為了解決此問題，使用嵌段共聚物（BCP）作為長鏈配體來包覆鈣鈦礦晶體，以改善鈣鈦礦晶體的光學性質與穩定性。然而，現有研究中關於有機溶劑中微胞與鈣鈦礦之間的配位作用、離子錯合作用、解離、晶體生長及溶劑品質的影響尚未研究透徹。
在本研究中使用溶於甲苯中的嵌段共聚物PS-b-P2VP形成的核殼微胞作為模板合成並包覆鈣鈦礦量子點使其具備良好的穩定性。藉由光致發光螢光光譜儀(PL)、紫外-可見光光譜儀(UV-VIS)、穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)、小角度X光散射(SAXS)、廣角度X光繞射(WAXD)、動態光散射儀(DLS)、X射線繞射儀(XRD)等儀器，測量了核殼微胞結構變化和鈣鈦礦奈米晶體的光學性能。
我們定量了PS-b-P2VP核殼微胞的性質，發現低劑量甲醇會因與甲苯的極性差距進入親水性鏈段的P2VP核中，利用此特性將前驅體離子帶入微胞內部以合成鈣鈦礦。此外，我們也發現PS-b-P2VP與溴化鉛前驅體PbBr₂因吡啶與鉛的配位作用而形成[PbBr₃]⁻錯合體。此錯合體因乳化效應而富含於微胞內，並與甲醇帶入的Cs⁺離子結合形成CsPbBr₃鈣鈦礦奈米晶體。然而，當甲醇添加過多時，溶劑品質降低會導致CsPbBr₃鈣鈦礦產生晶體缺陷和光學性質降低，並促使錯合體[PbBr₄]²⁻的形成。由於高分子微胞化的能力減弱，無法阻止晶體熟化與團聚，最終在溶液內形成CsPb₂Br₅大晶體並失去光致發光能力。

Perovskite is an emerging material extensively studied for its excellent optical properties. However, its low lattice energy leads to stability issues, limiting its broad application. A common method for preparing perovskite crystals involves using short-chain ligands. However, these ligands have shorter molecular chains, resulting in dynamic bonding on the perovskite surface. This dynamic bonding causes dissociation and recombination of the perovskite in solvents, leading to insufficient environmental stability and rapid degradation of perovskite crystals in polar solvents. To address this issue, block copolymers (BCPs) are used as long-chain ligands to encapsulate perovskite crystals, thereby improving their optical properties and stability. However, current research has not thoroughly investigated the coordination interactions, ion complexation, dissociation, crystal growth, and solvent quality effects between micelles and perovskites in organic solvents.
In this study, we employed core-shell micelles self-assembled from the PS-b-P2VP block copolymer dissolved in toluene as templates to synthesize and encapsulate perovskite quantum dots. Various instruments, including photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-VIS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were used to measure the structural changes of the core-shell micelles and the optical performance of the perovskite nanocrystals.
We quantitatively analyzed the properties of PS-b-P2VP core-shell micelles and found that low doses of methanol penetrate the hydrophilic P2VP core due to the polarity difference with toluene. This characteristic was used to introduce precursor ions into the micelles to synthesize perovskite. Furthermore, we found that PS-b-P2VP and the lead precursor PbBr₂ formed [PbBr₃]⁻ complexes due to the coordination interaction between pyridine and lead. These complexes were enriched within the micelles due to the emulsification effect. Then, [PbBr₃]⁻ complexes combined with Cs⁺ ions introduced by methanol to form CsPbBr₃ perovskite nanocrystals. Additionally, we discovered that when excess methanol is added, CsPbBr₃ perovskites exhibit crystal defects and reduced optical properties. This is because decreased solvent quality promotes the formation of [PbBr₄]²⁻ complexes. As the micellization ability of the polymer weakens, it fails to prevent crystal maturation and aggregation, resulting in the formation of large CsPb₂Br₅ crystals in the solution. The formation of CsPb₂Br₅ crystals is indicated by decreased photoluminescence capability.

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