農工業發展迅速，大量氮磷等營養鹽排入自然環境中的淡水水體，形成水體優養化現象(Eutrophication)，出現使水體中藻類迅速成長形成藻華現象(Algal bloom)。當環境中水體中有藻及其毒素存在，可藉由口攝入、皮膚接觸和口鼻的吸入等途徑進入人體內，有研究顯示，微囊藻毒素對人體的影響程度，由鼻腔吸入較攝入高了十倍，但目前關於藻類氣膠的研究有限。故本研究進行三種不同類型空氣採樣器 – IOM可吸入粉塵採樣器採樣器(IOM inhalable dust sampler)、生物氣膠採樣器(BioSampler®)及蒸氣噴氣膠收集器(Steam-jet aerosol collector, SJAC)，採集微囊藻（Microcystis）細胞最佳化流程，並進行chamber實驗進行微囊藻細胞及其毒素之採集效率比較，配合現地採樣，應用分子生物技術（Real time PCR, qPCR）及酵素免疫蛋白法(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, ELISA)進行微囊藻細胞與其毒素之定量，最後以蒐集之相關數據與資訊進行人體健康風險評估。
研究中針對IOM，探討進行長時間採樣對於濾膜上微囊藻細胞基因之影響，結果顯示濾膜上之微囊藻細胞基因經8小時抽氣，並無明顯降解狀況。接著探討長時間採樣對濾膜上溶解態微囊藻DNA影響，高濃度溶解態DNA濃度部分，經8小時抽氣，約有1,000倍的損失；在低濃度溶解態DNA濃度部分，已無法截流在濾膜上。
在BioSampler®部分，為了解決樣品前處理過濾時造成微囊藻基因之損失，進行過濾時幫浦流量及過濾時間(過濾體積多寡)之探討。首先，幫浦流量的控制無法有效減緩過濾所造成之微囊藻基因損失；接著，在微囊藻基因及微囊藻產毒基因，以每片濾膜上過濾3至4 mL收集介質進行前處理，有最佳回收效率分別為40%及50%。為了降低BioSampler®長時間採樣收集液體蒸散之損失，除了使用礦物油做為收集介質外，也使用以ASM培養基為主體，加入不同比例甘油及DMSO做為收集介質進行探討，實驗結果考量微囊藻細胞之回收率及收集介質後續微囊藻毒素樣品分析之困難度，選擇以ASM培養基做為收集介質。
以chamber實驗進行各空氣採樣器對於微囊藻細胞及其毒素氣膠採集效率之探討，以APS量測不同擾動水面方式之氣膠生成濃度後，以噴柱式作為氣膠生成之方式。在微囊藻細胞採集濃度部分，IOM採集效率最高，濃度為 2.4*10^4 cells/m^3，而BioSampler®次之，濃度為1.9*10^4 cells/m^3；在微囊藻毒素採集濃度部分，BioSampler®採集效率最高，濃度為3.2 μg/m^3，而SJAC次之，濃度為3.0 μg/m^3。
於台南葫蘆埤及菲律賓貝湖進行現地採樣。於葫蘆埤的採樣，三種空氣採樣器於微囊藻細胞之分析結果皆低於偵測極限，在微囊藻毒素部分IOM及BioSampler®，分別測得0.08 ng/m^3及1.078 ng/m^3；於菲律賓貝湖的採樣，在微囊藻細胞的部分，測得約10^2至10^3 cells/m^3，微囊藻毒素約為0.04 ng/m^3。以葫蘆埤測得之最高微囊藻毒素濃度進行於葫蘆埤工作者之風險最大進行吸入性鼻腔病灶評估，危害指標(HI)值為0.124小於1，預期將不會造成顯著損害。

Inhalation is a potential pathway for human exposure to cyanotoxins. However, research about measurement of microcystin in ambient air and inhalation exposure is limited. Therefore, this study is aimed to establish the sampling and analytical methods for microcystins in air and to estimate the exposure and health risk for the people living/working near studied lakes/reservoirs with cyanobacteria issues. Three different types of air samplers, including inhalable dust sampler (IOM), BioSampler® and steam-jet aerosol collector (SJAC), were chosen and studied to optimize sample collection of Microcystis and microcystins. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to quantify the genes for Microcystis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/ mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) were used to quantify microcystins. Field sampling were condudcted and the data were further used to determine the inhalation exposure of micricystins and to assess the human health risk.
For IOM, the results show that cell-bound 16S rRNA gene and mcyB gene were not significantly degraded in the sampling time of 8 hrs. However, for the extra-cellular DNA on the filtrate, only less than 0.1% of 16S rRNA gene and mcyB gene remained after 8 hrs of sampling. For BioSampler®, flow of pump is not the reason for the loss of genes in the process of pretreatment. The optimal recovery efficiency was 40% and 50% for 16S rRNA gene and mcyB gene respectively. Among the three media tested to improve collection efficiency, ASM was chosen, due primarily due to collection efficiency and ease to analyze.
Among the field sampling activities, the highest concentration of microcystins detected was collected with BioSampler® in Hulupi (HLP) pond sampling. The data were then used to evaluate the highest risk of inhalion for the people workng near HLP. The hazard index (HI) was less 1, 0.124, and no significant risk was expected.

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