| 研究生: |
洪啟原 Hong, Ci-Yuan |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
哨聲波對相對論性電子的非共振加速效應 Non-Resonance Heating of Relativistic Electrons associated with Whistler Waves |
| 指導教授: |
談永頤
Tam, S.W.Y |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
理學院 - 太空與電漿科學研究所 Institute of Space and Plasma Sciences |
| 論文出版年: | 2016 |
| 畢業學年度: | 105 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 244 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 哨聲波 、共振加速 、相對論性電子 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Whistler-mode, resonant heating, relativistic electrons |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:91 下載:5 |
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Whistler-mode waves是磁層中一種右圓極化波(RHP waves),它的電磁波波頻率大約介於Ω_i≪ω≲|Ω_e | 之間,而Ω_e指的是電子在當地的迴旋頻率;Ω_i指的是離子當地的迴旋頻率,由於whistler-mode waves的波頻率接近電子當地的迴旋頻率,因此很容易跟電子產生共振作用,在地球磁層中,此共振作用可以加速高能電子,使電子pitch angle在loss cone 中,本應掉到大氣層中,現在受電磁波的作用後,束縛在磁力線上來回作迴旋運動。
而whistler-mode waves中有一類叫做whistler-mode chorus ,它是一種常見的very low frequency(VLF),其頻率範圍為3~30K Hz ,產生在地球磁層(Earth’s magnetosphere)或是行星際磁層(planetary magnetospheres)中。典型的chorus包括窄帶的單頻信號(repeated narrowband monochromatic signals)並且持續時間大約是0.1秒的上升頻率,且發生在頻率低於當地的電子迴旋頻率,已經被廣泛的觀察在地球磁層中。
有趣的是,這類的whistler-mode chorus會與當地的電子發生迴旋共振(gyroresonant interaction of electrons with chorus ),在Van-Allen radiation belt中扮演了一個重要的角色。在3<L<5的內磁層中,這些高能電子可它們是否會與whistler-mode chorus產生迴旋共振為太空物理的一個重要研究課題。由於電子能量較高,相對論性修正電子的質量絕對重要。
為了研究這個電子的能量受右圓極化波加速機制,我們設計一顆電子受1道whistler waves作用後,發現電子可以藉著非共振加速機制(non-resonant heating)來急遽性增加一顆電子的能量。
而我們已知道當沿平行磁場方向傳播的右圓極化波與具有平行背景磁場方向速度分量v_∥的電子滿足共振條件為下:
〖V_R=v〗_∥=1/k_∥ ( ω-|Ω_e | )
即是說明電子平行背景磁場的速度等於共振速度:v_∥=V_R時,剛好滿足共振條件,或者是說電子當地的迴旋頻率等於電磁波被電子看到的波頻率:
|Ω_e |=[ ω-(V_z k) ]
我們稱滿足上述條件時為電子與電磁波共振(resonance heating),但是從模擬中我們發現只有一瞬間滿足這個共振條件,而且我們知道這個時刻雖滿足共振條件,但卻不是這顆電子能量急遽加速的時刻,清楚的告訴我們這顆電子能量急遽加速的原因並不是來自於滿足共振條件獲得的加速,而是來自於電子v_⊥增加造成電子整體速度v增加,電子的相對論性質量增加,電子的迴旋頻率就會變小,表示電子作迴旋運動的轉速變慢了,因此長時間和這道whistler waves處在這個一直持續加速的特殊相位差區間,造成了這個電子急遽性的加速。
我們稱作非共振加速(non-resonant heating)。而且這個效應,相對論性修正電子的相對論性質量絕對重要。
接著,我們設計的一顆電子受10道whistler waves作用後,發現多道whistler waves可以藉著連續性發生非共振加速機制(non-resonant heating)來急遽性連續增加一顆電子的能量,經過這一連串的連續性非共振加速(non-resonant heating)後這顆電子的能量增益為77.8%,可以發現這10道電磁波給了電子額外的能量,這個是大量且急劇的能量加速機制。而且在整個作用過程中,電子迅速的從L=4磁赤道處,一直沿著磁力線往南半球旅行到mirror point的途中大約0.35秒的時間內,經過多次急遽性的加速,而不是陸續緩慢的一個增加過程。最後我們也由模擬發現電磁波傳播方向與電子運動方向反向時才有非共振加速機制(non-resonant heating)產生。
關鍵字:哨聲波;共振加速;相對論性電子
Whistler-mode waves are a kind of Right-Handed Polarized (RHP) waves with frequency ω in the range Ω_i≪ω≲|Ω_e | , where Ω_e is the electron cyclotron frequency and Ω_i is the ion cyclotron frequency.
Whistler-mode waves can resonate with electrons in the magnetosphere. It plays an important role in the Van-Allen radiation belts. In the inner magnetosphere (3 <L <5, where L is Mcllwain parameter) high-energy electrons can resonate with the whistler-mode chorus and this mechanism is an important research topic in space physics. Due to the high velocity associated with the high electron energy, relativistic description of the electrons is absolutely important.
In order to study the energy of electrons as a result of their interaction with RHP waves, we have performed simulations to study the motion of electrons under the effects of a whistler wave. We have found that the energy of electrons can sometimes rapidly increase because of a non-resonant acceleration mechanism.
We have also examined the case with 10 whistler waves, and it is found that the multiple whistler waves can continuously increase the energy of an electron by resonant heating or non-resonant heating.
key words : whistler-mode , resonant heating , relativistic electron heating
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