高爾夫球運動中，開球木桿頭的使用，扮演著重要角色。如何透過結構上的設計，達到擊球距離的增加，一直是各家高爾夫球具品牌商積極研究的項目。影響高爾夫球飛行距離有三大重要因素：起飛角、球初速及背旋量。根據以上三要素，衍生出近年開球木桿設計上的重點目標，有球頭輕量化設計與球初速之提升兩主要項目。起飛角與背旋量在擊球距離的影響上，根據不同擊球者的揮桿姿態，而有不同的最適搭配組合，因此球頭設計上多傾向依顧客族群做出商品別的區分。另外，輕量化的目的，在於將所節省下來的重量，設置成更多元的重心配置，以及設計成可調重心機構等，使不同擊球習性之打者，能夠自由地將球具調整成適合自己的最佳重心，達到起飛角與背旋量搭配上的平衡。而球初速之提升則是球頭設計上很明確的一個目標，因其與擊球距離為正相關，因此透過材料選用、結構設計及外型流線設計等手段提升擊球初速，是目前高爾夫產業不斷在突破的目標。
本研究使用有限元素分析軟體LS-DYNA求解鈦合金球頭之擊球狀況，並在不同的球頭結構差異中，探討其對擊球初速的影響。本研究將探討以下結構變因，所造成擊球初速度之差異：溝槽結構、溝槽結構加筋，以及溝槽幾何造型。
分析結果顯示，在底部加上溝槽，將使小白球的擊出初速度降低；若於溝槽內再加上加強筋，則較無溝槽者有更高的擊球初速；此現象會根據擊球點距離底部的遠近而有不同程度的差異量，擊球點愈近底部，球頭結構造成的初速差異愈明顯。溝槽與打擊面的距離在17mm內並無明顯差異；溝形差異方面，三角溝、方形溝及拱門形溝對擊球初速的影響差異不大，但方形溝在擊球過程，將較其他兩溝形承受更高的應力值。

Driver plays a key role in golf sport. It has always been an important project for golf equipment manufacturers to study on how to increase the driving distance through the structural design of the diver. There are three major factors which can affect the driving distance of golf: the launch angle, the ball speed, and the back spin. Based on these factors, manufacturers can narrow down and focus on two main goals while developing the driver with a lightweight design and higher initial velocity.
Regarding the impact of launch angle and back spin on driving distance, they can have different optimal combinations depending on the swing pose of golfer. Therefore, the design of the driver tends to make a distinction between the products according to different customer groups. On the other hand, the purpose of the lightweight design is to take advantage of the weight saving and achieve a more versatile allocation on center of gravity while having adjustable CG Mechanism. It helps golfers with different stroke habit to find their center of gravity and to achieve the balance between launch angle and back spin. While the increase of initial velocity is a clear goal upon the design of driver, the initial velocity have positive correlation to driving distance. By means of specific material selection, structural design, and design of head streamline, the golf manufactures are currently working on for the design breakthrough.
In this study, I adopt LS-DYNA to analyze the impact situation of driver made of Titanium alloy and explore how it influences the initial velocity under various driver structures. This study describes how the three designs in a driver listed below influences the initial velocity, the groove structure, the groove geometry, and the groove structure with ribs.
The results reveal that adding the groove underneath the driver will slow down the ball speed after impact. If a rib is added to the groove, the ball speed is higher than the one without groove. This phenomenon varies according to the distance from the hitting point to the sole. The closer the hitting point is to the sole, the more obvious difference of the initial velocity caused by the driver structure. There is no significant difference on initial velocity when the distance between groove and face are within 17mm. In regards to groove geometry, there is no significant influence on ball speed with triangular groove, square groove, and semi-circular groove, but square groove results in higher stress than the others.

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