| 研究生: |
湯智中 Tang, Chih-Chung |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
集合住宅客變工程對於室內坪效影響及改善策略之研究 Effects of Client-Requested Alterations on Interior Floor-Area Efficiency in Multi-Family Residential Buildings |
| 指導教授: |
楊詩弘
Yang, Shih-Hung |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 建築學系 Department of Architecture |
| 論文出版年: | 2025 |
| 畢業學年度: | 114 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 198 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 集合住宅 、客變工程 、室內坪效 、室內住戶單元 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | multi-family residential housing, client-requested alterations, interior floor-area efficiency, dwelling unit |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:12 下載:0 |
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集合住宅為台灣當前核心的居住型態,預售制度下多採標準化平面設計,以利於建設公司壓縮時程、控制風險並簡化採購流程。然而,家戶在家庭規模、日常作息或其他需求上具備高度差異,導致標準化供給與個別化需求之間產生顯著落差。此落差常觸發頻繁的客戶變更,進而引入設計修改、工期延宕及跨專業介面的協調不確定性。實務端面臨的主要問題在於,業界缺乏一致的坪效量測口徑與可比較的評估框架,導致空間效率、工程介面與成本之溝通常流於個案解讀。本研究建立「客變—坪效—成本」之分析框架,旨在界定跨角色可溝通的量化指標與量測邊界。研究目的包括:描述不同關係人對客變需求之認知落差、歸納可有效提升坪效之量化指標與操作策略,並推論適用於設計初期與管理端之實務建議,協助在設計彈性、空間效率與工程可行性之間取得穩定的權衡。
本研究採混合設計,前段以問卷蒐集建築專業者、室內設計師與住戶,對於客變動機、時程條件與成本接受度之看法,採描述統計呈現認知差異。結果顯示,三方需求一致集中於「隔間校正、收納整合、端點預留」。後段針對單一案場標準層九種戶型,進行客變前後同尺度之圖面量測。計算「走道占比」、「死角損耗率」與「機能重疊率」三項核心指標。實證顯示,「開口策略」為動線管理首要手段,能有效縮短通行路徑;「量體策略」透過設置連續性牆面,將通行帶轉換為可用界面,對重疊率貢獻顯著。成本分析證實,多數有效方案可在低至中度費用下達成,顯示精準介入能以可控預算創造顯著空間增益。
研究結論主張以「在限制中精準介入」為原則,建議建設公司應採取「前置化」策略,將高頻率且低干擾的變更項目(如插座預留、門位平移選項)整合為標準選配,以降低後期重工與介面協調成本。管理面建議應建立清晰的時間門檻,包含提前通知期與截止日距,並於圖說中明確標註不可變更區與統一計算口徑(室內淨面積),提升決策透明度。後續發展建議應擴大樣本規模至不同城市與推案型態,建立更具普適性的指標基準值,解決單一案場基準不明之問題。此外,宜進一步導入居住者售後滿意度反饋與細項工時資料,形成「費用、時間與效能」之完整決策鏈,持續深化集合住宅坪效評估體系之實務價值。
Multi-family housing is the core living pattern in Taiwan. Under the pre-sale system, developers utilize standardized unit plans to compress schedules, control risks, and simplify procurement. However, significant heterogeneities in household scales and daily routines lead to a marked gap between standardized supply and individualized demand. This mismatch frequently triggers Client-Requested Alterations (CRA), introducing coordination uncertainty, construction delays, and cross-professional interface risks. The primary practical challenge is the industry's lack of consistent measurement conventions and comparative evaluation frameworks, resulting in subjective, case-by-case interpretations of spatial efficiency and project costs. This study establishes a "CRA–Floor-Area Efficiency–Cost" analysis framework to define communicable quantitative indicators and measurement boundaries. The research aims include: describing cognitive gaps in CRA demand among stakeholders, summarizing quantitative indicators and operational strategies for efficiency improvement, and inferring practical design and management recommendations to achieve a stable trade-off between design flexibility and engineering feasibility.
A mixed-method design was adopted. First, role-specific questionnaires collected views from architects, interior designers, and occupants regarding CRA motivations, schedule conditions, and cost acceptance, using descriptive statistics to present cognitive differences. Results indicate that demands from all three groups consistently concentrate on "partition reconfiguration, storage integration, and endpoint provisioning". Second, plan-based measurements were conducted on nine standard unit types within a single project, comparingplans at an identical scale before and after CRA. Three core indicators—corridor ratio, dead-space loss rate, and functional overlap ratio—were calculated. Empirical evidence shows that "opening strategies" are the primary means of circulation management, effectively shortening paths. "Volume strategies" convert circulation bands into usable interfaces by establishing continuous storage walls, contributing significantly to functional overlap ratios. Cost analysis confirms that most effective solutions can be achieved at low-to-medium costs, demonstrating that precision intervention creates significant spatial gains within controllable budgets.
The research concludes by advocating the principle of "precision intervention within constraints". It recommends that developers adopt a "front-loading" strategy, integrating high-frequency, low-interference alteration items—such as endpoint provisioning and opening relocation options—as standard selections to reduce late-stage rework and coordination costs.Management recommendations include establishing clear time thresholds, specifically notice periods and deadlines, while explicitly marking non-alterable zones and unified calculation on drawings to enhance decision transparency. For future development, the study suggests expanding sample scales across different cities and project types to establish universal benchmarks, addressing the lack of reference standards in single project cases. Furthermore, incorporating post-occupancy satisfaction feedback and detailed labor-hour data would form a complete decision chain of "cost, time, and performance," continuously deepening the practical value of the multi-family housing efficiency evaluation system.
一、研究報告
張珩、邢志航,〈住宅特性與居住機能滿意程度關聯之研究-以公寓大廈式集合住宅為例〉《建築學報》,2004
朱政德,〈都市型集合住宅之住戶平面計畫的供給特性:以臺北市集合住宅為例〉《建築學報》,2011
朱政德、 盧珮珮,〈高雄市民間集合住宅之發展脈絡與供給特性〉《設計學研究》,2012
沈孟穎、傅朝卿,〈台灣「國民」住宅設計與現代住居空間再現〉《住宅學報》,2015
黎世惠、彭瑞玟,〈室內家具配置之現況探討〉《工業設計》,2015
江梓瑋,〈從家庭生命週期觀點探討住宅平面配置之開放性〉《建築學報》,2019
朱政德、龔哲永,〈從區域性探討高雄市鼓山區民間大坪數集合住宅之住戶平面計畫的空間構成特性與發展脈絡〉《建築學報》,2019
二、期刊論文
林世朗,《預售住宅原設計與客變設計差異之研究》,國立台灣科技大學建築研究所碩士論文,2010
陳郁文,《台北市集合住宅之室內空間規劃的相關研究—以室內雜誌刊登作品為例》,中原大學室內設計學系碩士論文,2010
何佳錦,《預售住宅客戶工程變更之探討—以台北市信義計畫區A案住宅客變為例》,中國文化大學環境設計學院建築及都市計畫研究所碩士論文,2012
闕仕明,《以開放建築理論檢測國內集合住宅轉型為社會住宅之可行性研究》,朝陽科技大學建築系建築及都市設計碩士班碩士論文,2014
柯孫忠,《預售屋購屋者的設計變更行為研究—以連棟透天住宅A個案為例》,崑山科技大學房地產開發與管理研究所碩士論文,2014
莫詒中,《建築空間影響室內裝修之因子討論—以集合住宅為例》,崑山科技大學空間設計系暨環境設計研究所碩士論文,2020
門脇耕三《集合住宅の構法に規定される住戸計画の自由度に関する研究》,首都大学東京,博士 (工学),乙第40号,2011
土井,脩史《既存集合住宅の改修に対応したインフィル設計手法に関する実験的研究》,京都大学,博士 (工学),甲第18973号,2015
三、法令、規範
內政部,《建築技術規則建築設計施工編》,2021
內政部,《建築技術規則建築設備編》,2022
內政部,《建築物給水排水設備設計技術規範》,2022
四、網路資訊
內政部不動產資訊平台 (https://pip.moi.gov.tw/Publicize/Info/Index)
高雄市不動產建築開發商業同業公會 (https://www.kaoarch.org.tw/)
財團法人台灣建築中心:住宅性能評估 (https://hpe.tabc.org.tw/)
中國信託商業銀行:不動產市場趨勢-住宅與租賃市場展望114年5月(https://pse.is/8jlvh8)