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研究生: 方琪晴
Fang, Chi-Ching
論文名稱: 傾轉式旋翼機致動器失效偵測與控制律重組
Actuator Failure Detection and Control Law Reconfiguration for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft
指導教授: 陳介力
Chen, Chieh-Li
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 航空太空工程學系
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 64
中文關鍵詞: 傾轉式旋翼機增量式非線性動態反算模式轉換策略故障偵測
外文關鍵詞: Tiltrotor Aircraft, Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion, Conversion Strategy, Failure Detection
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  • 目前傾轉式旋翼機所發生的事故多以模式轉換過程發生不穩定而墜機居多,可見如何穩定且安全地進行模式轉換是傾轉式旋翼機是否可運用於實戰上的一大重點。本研究分別針對兩模式設計軌跡與姿態控制器,並以速度為函數設計短艙傾角旋轉路徑,使其在模式轉換過程中能依據當下飛行狀態旋轉短艙,避免在速度過低的情況下過快旋轉短艙傾角,使得升力不足而發生不穩定。本研究進一步改良增量式非線性動態反算於模式轉換中之應用,採用殘餘值重複計算的方式,依序將需求分配到相應的舵面上,此方法在模式轉換中需要分配不同比例的力與力矩到旋翼機及定翼機舵面時,可避免Pseudo Inverse 為求最佳解而求出不合理之結果,並於MATLAB/Simulink 進行模擬驗證。
    傾轉式旋翼機具有兩種模式,因此在定翼機模式下飛行時,旋翼機舵面為閒置狀態,若能運用此特點,在故障發生時進行重組容錯飛行控制,徵召閒置舵面進行補償,可大大增加飛行器故障後的存活機率。本研究應用非線性動態反算(Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion)方法推算真實舵面輸出角,與理想舵面輸出角進行比較,以誤差量及持續時間做為判斷是否發生故障之準則,並設計一套重組容錯流程,在需要的時候啟用閒置舵面進行補償,增加舵面的使用效率及飛行器的存活機率。

    Accidents of tiltrotor aircraft are mostly caused by the instability during conversion process. To stably and safely convert between helicopter and airplane mode is a major focus of whether tiltrotor aircraft can be used in actual combat mission. To improve the safety of conversion, this paper develops the path and attitude controller in two modes respectively. This paper also designs a rotation path of mast angle as a function of flight speed, because if the nacelle rotates too quickly in low speed situation, the instability would cause by lack of lift. This paper further improves Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion(INDI) method for conversion, using repeated calculation of residual to distribute the force command to corresponding control surfaces. In the case which need to allocate different force and moment proportion to different control surfaces, the proposed method can avoid unreasonable minimum norm result of Pseudo Inverse. Related simulation would build in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
    Except for conversion, the advantage of having two modes can also be used in failure situations. Helicopter control surfaces are inactive during cruising, if they could be used by reconfiguration control when airplane control surfaces fail, the aircraft would have more chance of survival. This paper uses Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion(NDI) to estimate actual control surface angle, and then compare with ideal input angle which calculate by INDI. After failure detect, this paper design a set of reconfiguration control process, which could enable the spare control surface to compensate the lack of force command caused by failure.

    論文摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 本文誌謝 xii 本文目錄 xiii 表目錄 xv 圖目錄 xvi 符號表 xix 第1章 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究動機與目的 4 1.3 文獻回顧 5 第2章 控制方法與架構 7 2.1 座標系定義 7 2.2 控制器設計 11 2.2.1 旋翼機模式 11 2.2.2 定翼機模式 16 2.3 增量式非線性動態反算之應用 17 2.3.1 推導及穩定性證明 17 2.3.2 改良INDI於舵面貢獻分配之應用 19 第3章 模式轉換策略 23 3.1 舵面切換策略 24 3.2 控制器切換策略 27 3.3 短艙傾角旋轉路徑規劃 28 3.4 模式轉換模擬結果 30 3.4.1 起飛模式轉換過程模擬 30 3.4.2 降落模式轉換過程模擬 41 第4章 故障偵測系統 46 4.1 故障偵測方法 46 4.2 故障偵測模擬結果 49 4.2.1 水平尾翼故障情境模擬 49 4.2.2 升降舵舵面凍結情境模擬 55 第5章 結論與未來展望 61 參考文獻 63 附錄A. 數學模型推導(Kleinhesselink, 2007) A-1 附錄B. XV-15參數 B-1

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