人類活動的激增導致一連串的廢水處理議題，其中有些化學物質能干擾人類或野生生物的內分泌系統而被列舉為環境賀爾蒙。天然雌激素或是合成雌激素是主要干擾人類雌性荷爾蒙的來源並且存在與水體中，藉由食物鏈的傳遞累積影響。乙炔雌二醇主要用於口服避孕藥的成分，是雌激素中干擾活性最強的一種，其他雌激素有雌二醇與雌酮等。
利用微藻或光合藍綠菌去除環境賀爾蒙的方法已經有一段時間的研究，Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 (TCL-1) 是本實驗室中研究多年之菌種，並且證明能有效吸收二氧化碳同時產出高價值生質副產物如類胡蘿蔔素，其中包括玉米黃素以及β胡蘿蔔素。本實驗中，利用TCL-1去除模擬廢水中乙炔雌二醇，並分析乙炔雌二醇降解機制、二氧化碳吸收速率及類胡蘿蔔素之產出。
研究結果顯示，在前四個小時的培養中，乙炔雌二醇會吸附在TCL-1的細胞的表面，直到TCL-1顯著生長時，生物降解的增加導致所吸附之乙炔雌二醇隨之減少。由於細胞中並未發現累積於細胞體內之乙炔雌二醇，因此我們可以推斷乙炔雌二醇的降解主要是經由吸附於細胞後，細胞表面酵素的作用而被生物降解。
在不同濃度的乙炔雌二醇實驗中，發現毒物刺激所引起的的效應顯現在TCL-1的生長表現上。低濃度的條件下，1 mg/L乙炔雌二醇會刺激TCL-1的成長，導致更高的生質體產率以及乙炔雌二醇降解的效率，同時激發抗氧化反應使類胡蘿蔔素的產能增加；較高濃度的條件下，5 以及 10 mg/L乙炔雌二醇的濃度則會抑制TCL-1的生長，使生質體產率以及乙炔雌二醇降解效率降低，同時導致類胡蘿蔔素的產能減少。光照則是另一非常重要的影響因素，不只藉由光降解去除乙炔雌二醇，同時也影響生質體以及類胡蘿蔔素的產率。低光照500 µE/m2/s的情況下，乙炔雌二醇的去除主要藉由吸附在TCL-1表面，有限的生長無法對乙炔雌二醇進行生物降解。最適合類胡蘿蔔速生長之光照約為1,000 µE/m2/s，在提供適當生長之光源的情況下同時避免過強的光照導致類胡蘿蔔素的衰減。另外在初始氮源濃度的抑制上，可以促進TCL-1的生長以及乙炔雌二醇的降解以及類胡蘿蔔素的產率。2,000 µE/m2/s光照以及5.8 mM的氮源可以得到最佳的生質體產率、比生長速率以及二氧化碳吸收效率，分別是76.1 ± 6.6 mg/L/h, 0.028 /h 及 113.08 mg/L/h。最高的乙炔雌二醇去除效率主要發生在1 mg/L乙炔雌二醇的條件下，去除率以及降解常數分別為 82.3 ± 6.5 % 及 0.1384 /h。最高的類胡蘿蔔素的產率發生在1 mg/L乙炔雌二醇的條件下，其玉米黃素以及β胡蘿蔔素的產率分別為 0.039以及0.47 mg/L/h。

Booming human activities lead to a consequence of wastewater treatment issues, some of the chemical compounds have been listed as environmental hormones which interfere endocrine system to human and wildlife animal. Natural or synthetic estrogens cause the feminization through the water medium and spread along with the food chain. 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a synthetic estrogen used mainly in oral contraceptives which has the strongest estrogenic activities among other natural estrogens such as estradiol and estrone.
Using microalgae or cyanobacteria to biodegrade these environmental hormones in wastewater had been developed recent years. Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 (TCL-1) is a species of cyanobacteria studied many years in our lab, which have been proved to have stong ability to utilize carbon dioxide and produce valuable bio-products such as carotenoids including zeaxanthin and β-carotene at the same time. In this study, TCL-1 was utilized to treat a simulated wastewater to treat with EE2 addition to see the removal rate and mechanism of EE2 along with the analysis of CO2 fixation and carotenoids production.
The results show that in the first four hours of TCL-1 cultivation with EE2 addition, EE2 is mainly adsorbed on the TCL-1’s surface. After TCL-1 grows significantly, EE2 content on the cell surface begin to decline because EE2 is biodegraded. Very few of EE2 accumulated inside the cell has been found, it is suggested that EE2 is mainly degraded by extracellular enzyme after its adsorption on the cell surface.
Hormesis have been investigated during the experiment with different initial EE2 concentrations. The results show that with lower EE2 concentration, 1 mg/L of EE2 stimulates the growth of TCL-1 leading to a higher biomass productivity, higher EE2 removal and also excites antioxidant response to carotenoids productivity. Higher EE2 concentration such as 5 and 10 mg/L EE2 leads to lower biomass productivity, EE2 removal rate and also decreases carotenoids productivity. Light is another important factor that not only contributes the photodegradation of EE2, but also plays an important role on biomass productivity and carotenoids productivity. Under lower light intensity, EE2 is mainly removed by bio-adsorption through the end of cultivation. The biodegradation can’t be initiated after the adsorption of EE2 due to limited light for biomass productivity. While under 1,000 µE/m2/s light intensity, it provides higher carotenoids productivity because of preventing excess photodamage. Besides, limited nitrate concentration also improves the growth of TCL-1, removal of EE2 and carotenoids productivity. The highest biomass production, specific growth rate and carbon dioxide fixation appear at 2,000 µE/m2/s light intensity with 5.8 mM initial nitrate concentration which are 76.1 ± 6.6 mg/L/h, 0.028 /h and 113.08 mg/L/h, respectively. The highest EE2 removal efficiency appears in 1 mg/L of EE2 addition, which EE2 removal and degradation kinetic constant are 82.3 ± 6.5% and 0.1384 /h, respectively. The highest carotenoids productivity appears at 1 mg/L of EE2 addition, the productivities of zeaxanthin and β-carotene are 0.039 and 0.47 mg/L/h, respectively.

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