| 研究生: |
柯勝嘉 Ke, Sheng-Chia |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
利用時序監測資料分析地表沈陷分佈特性之研究 - 以濁水溪沖積扇為例 Distribution Characteristics Study for Land Subsidence Using Temporal Monitored Database-An Example of Zhuoshui River Alluvial Fan |
| 指導教授: |
吳銘志
WU, Ming-Chee |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
理學院 - 地球科學系碩士在職專班 Department of Earth Sciences (on the job class) |
| 論文出版年: | 2013 |
| 畢業學年度: | 101 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 81 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 地層下陷 、濁水溪沖積扇 、地下水位 、地層壓縮量 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Ground Subsidence, Choushui River Alluvial Fan, Groundwater Level, Ground settlement |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:193 下載:10 |
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濁水溪沖積扇是目前國內地層下陷嚴重區域,本研究先利用7座磁環分層式地層下陷監測井資料,配合就近地下水位觀測井和雨量站資料,將濁水溪沖積扇依其「扇頂、扇央、扇尾」之劃分,分析三個觀測值間之變化趨勢關係;隨後再選取沖積扇內25座地層下陷監測井資料,探討此地區之分層壓縮的分佈範圍與其壓縮中心的偏移現象。
研究結果顯示50﹪以上的雨量集中在夏季,年雨量由扇頂往扇央遞減,地下水位與雨量呈正相關變化。扇頂區地下水位的季變化速率無論水位上升或下降均大於扇央與扇尾區,扇尾區地下水位的季變化速率最小。
近4年來,地表下300公尺內的地層壓縮量,以扇頂區之斗六市與溪州鄉為最小,平均約0.87公分/年;扇尾區之芳苑鄉、大城鄉、台西鄉經歷了長期的壓縮歷史,地層壓縮已明顯收斂,其平均約1.38公分/年;扇央區的土庫鎮與溪湖鎮是7個鄉鎮中地層下陷最為嚴重的地方,平均約4.97公分/年;尤其以土庫鎮最為嚴重,近4年來的地層平均壓縮量約達6.7公分/年。
以地層的壓縮與地下水位變化關係結果顯示,扇頂區地層的壓縮變形大致隨著水位上升與下降變化,為屬彈性模式。扇尾區因地下水位已大幅回升,近年來地層下陷情況大幅改善,顯示壓密過程已近尾聲,地層壓縮變形為屬彈塑性模式。扇中區,地層壓縮情況持續擴大,顯示地層現階段屬於壓密過程中,乃屬塑性模式。
由地層分層壓縮速率等值線圖顯示,從2010年到2011年,下陷中心由元長鄉向東北方向平行位移約5公里至土庫鎮;依磁環分層式地層下陷監測井資料分析結果,近年裡,雲林地區300公尺內地層壓縮中心落在土庫鎮的土庫國中一帶。
Region of the Choushui River Alluvial Fan is currently facing the serious land subsidence problems. Displacement measurements of underground sequential layered magnetic rings from 7 land subsidence monitoring wells were adopted, along with the monitoring information of surrounding groundwater observation wells and rainfall stations; the tentative relationship among the above mentioned measurements were discussed specifically according to the “Fan-top, Fan-central and Fan-tail” subdivisions of Choushui River Alluvial Fan. Further more, information of 25 land subsidence monitoring wells were collected to discuss the distribution characteristics of regional settlement at various layers of different depth as well as the phenomenon of shifting settlement center.
The results have shown that over 50% of precipitations were fallen in the summer season. The amount of annual precipitation declined from the fan-top to the fan-central as well as the regional groundwater level. The seasonal groundwater level changes, whether it was rising or lowering, of the fan-top regions had been found to be greater than those of the fan-central and fan-tail. The lowest changes were occurred at the fan-tail regions.
For the late 4 years, it has been recorded that the amount of subsurface settlements for depth of 300 m was the least at the fan-top, e.g. the Doliu City and Chichao Town, an average of 0.87 cm/yr. The settlement was minor at the fan-tail, e.g. towns of Fangyun, Dacheng, and Taichi, due to its long-term settlement history; an average of 1.38 cm/yr was measured. The major settlement was monitored at the fan-central area, e.g. Tuku and Chihu are the most serious 2 among the 7 towns, an average of 4.79 cm/yr. The Tuku township, in particular, an average of 6.7 cm/yr settlement is indeed the worst.
According to the relationship between ground settlement and groundwater level changes, changes of ground settlement at the fan-top area were more or less following the rising or lowering of the groundwater level such that the ground is in its elastic stage. For the fan-tail areas, because of the retrieving groundwater level, the conditions of ground settlement have been greatly improved; the ground is shown in its semi-elastic stage. Area of ground settlement, within the fan-central region, is continuously expanded. It means the ground is still settling; it is in its plastic stage.
It appears, based on the settlement contour mapping for various depth of underground from 2010 to 2011, that the center of ground settlement has displaced 5 km north-east from Yunchang to Tuku. Results from the ground subsidence monitoring wells, equipped with underground sequential layered magnetic rings, were also shown that the center of ground settlement for depth within 300m in Yunlin county area is now located at the vicinity of Tuku Junior High School of Tuku township.
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