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研究生： 梁銘基
Leung, Ming-Kei
論文名稱： 農業區非點源污染初期沖刷現象之分析
First flush analysis of agricultural non-point source
指導教授： 溫清光
Wen, Ching-Gung
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 環境工程學系
Department of Environmental Engineering
論文出版年： 2008
畢業學年度： 96
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 140
中文關鍵詞： 初期沖刷 、非點源污染 、農業區
外文關鍵詞： First flush, Non-point source, Stormwater runoff, Agricultural watersheds
相關次數： 點閱：73  下載：2 
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    • 過去很多研究指出在都會區和高速公路都具有初期沖刷現象，但對於
    高透水率的農業區之研究則相對缺乏。本研究將利用過去採集，來自6 種
    不同濃業活動，共56 場降雨事件，針對SS、COD、TKN、NH3、NO3、TN、PO4
    及TP，其初期沖刷現象做分析。初期沖刷現象可定義為濃度初期沖刷及質
    量初期沖刷兩種，前者可界定為於降雨逕流初期時，污染物的濃度高於後
    期；後者則可界定為降雨逕流初期時，所帶來的污染物質量高於後期。
    本研究以動態事件平均濃度比(REMC)及質量初期沖刷比(MFFn)作為兩
    種初期沖刷現在的指標。此外，利用統計法方及圖解的方式，分析REMC及
    MFFn 與降雨特徵及環境因子之相關性，以確定初期沖刷現象是否與降雨
    特徵或環境因子有所關連。
    結果發現，盡管在不透水區幾乎為零的農業區，仍可發現高度至中度
    的濃度初期沖刷，及中度至輕度的質量初期沖刷，其中隙頂平台式種植茶
    園及南化養雞場之強度，更與都會區相近。在相關分析中發現， SS,COD
    及TP 的濃度初期沖刷與降雨特徵有顯著的正相關，但所有質量初期沖刷
    與降雨特徵不相關，兩種初期沖刷與環境因子也不相關。
    本研究透過群集分析，證實農業區兩種初期沖刷主要發生於非溶解性
    污染物上，建議可針對農業區非溶解性污染作初期沖刷作截流。

    Stormwater runoff was monitored on 6 separate agricultural watersheds,
    which were chosen to represent distinct types of farming and spreading chicken
    fields, along with various watershed characteristics. A total of 57 storm events
    were monitored to investigate the first flush phenomenon. There are two first
    flush phenomenon definition, one is concentration first flush(CFF), another is
    mass first flush(MFF). CFF may be defined as the initial period of stormwater
    runoff during which the concentration of pollutants is substantially higher than
    during later stages. MFF may be defined as the initial period of stormwater
    runoff during which the quality of pollutants throughout the majority of the
    pollution load.
    The magnitude of the first flush phenomenon was calculated using a
    method of data analysis which results in determining the dynamics event mean
    concentration ratio(REMC) and mass first flush ratio(MFFn). In addition,
    statistical and graphical correlation analysis of the REMC and MFFn with storm
    characteristics and environmental factors was made to determine if the first
    flush is related to site or storm characteristics. As the results, although the
    percentage of impervious area near zero, we can still be found strength to
    moderate concentration first flush phenomenon and moderate to mild mass first
    flush phenomenon in agricultural area. The results and analyses performed also
    indicates that the concentration first flush phenomenon of SS,COD and TP
    correlate well with total rainfall, total runoff and rain time but there are no
    correlation between the mass first flush phenomenon. No correlation was
    observed between the first flush phenomenon and area, slope and porosity.
    In this study, through cluster analysis proved that the first flush
    phenomenon in agricultural areas occurred mainly on non-soluble pollutants.

    第一章、 前言·························································································1-1 1.1 研究背景····················································································1-1 1.2 研究目的····················································································1-1 1.3 論文內容與流程·········································································1-2 第二章、 文獻回顧·················································································2-1 2.1 非點源污染···············································································2-1 2.2 初期沖刷之定義·······································································2-1 2.3 初期沖刷之重要性···································································2-3 2.4 初期沖刷影響因子···································································2-5 2.5 初期沖刷之判斷方法·······························································2-6 2.6 初期沖刷相關研究·································································2-12 第三章、農業活動初期沖刷研究方法···················································3-1 3.1 前言·························································································3-1 3.2 研究方法·················································································3-1 3.3 數據來源·················································································3-1 3.4 初期沖刷之求法與判定··························································3-2 3.5 初期沖刷現象與降雨特徵之關係··········································3-8 3.6 初期沖刷現象與環境因子之關係··········································3-9 3.7 各種水質初期沖刷間的關係···················································3-9 第四章、農業區初期沖刷之特性分析···················································4-1 4.1 各種農業區初期沖刷之探討···················································4-1 4.1.1 隙頂平台式種植茶園初期沖刷之探討······························4-1 4.1.2 石桌等高式種植茶園初期沖刷之探討······························4-6 4.1.3 龍崎養雞場初期沖刷之探討············································4-10 4.1.4 南化養雞場初期沖刷之探討············································4-14 I 4.1.5 永興檳榔園初期沖刷之探討············································4-19 4.1.6 山葵園初期沖刷之探討····················································4-23 4.1.7 小結···················································································4-27 4.2 初期沖刷現象與降雨特徵之關係·········································4-28 4.2.1 隙頂平台式種植茶園························································4-28 4.2.2 石桌等高式種植茶園························································4-31 4.2.3 龍崎養雞場·······································································4-33 4.2.4 南化養雞場·······································································4-34 4.2.5 檳榔園···············································································4-37 4.2.6 山葵園···············································································4-39 4.2.7 小結···················································································4-42 4.3 初期沖刷現象與環境因子之關係·········································4-43 4.4 各種水質初期沖刷間的關係·················································4-48 第五章、結論與建議···············································································5-1 5.1 結論·························································································5-1 5.2 建議·························································································5-3 參考文獻································································································參-1

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