目標：台灣社會對未成年母親未婚生育接受度低且社會救濟制度不完備，使得大部分社經地位處於弱勢的未成年青少女在初產前後結婚比例遠高於美國，產後一年結婚率約85% vs. 21%。婚姻對未成年母親與其配偶之成年生活與子代發展影響深遠，更加上台灣男性為家庭權力核心與主要經濟提供者，應是未成年母親婚姻與家庭關係中的主軸，對夫妻婚姻生活影響更大。但國內外缺乏同時收集未成年母親與其配偶婚姻品質資料的研究，本研究目的在收集初產後0到8年未成年與成年母親與其配偶目前之婚姻品質與基本資料，一方面提供後續研究資料所需，另一方面可藉以探索雙方婚姻品質差異與主要影響因素。過去研究多指向未成年母親婚姻品質低於成年母親，本研究欲證實此一現象；並進一步探究其配偶之婚姻品質差異。相關研究多未收集男性配偶特徵的資料，忽視配偶對於婚姻品質之重要性，本研究企圖驗證「未成年生育」事件本身對婚姻品質不若過去研究結果具有決定性的影響力，而是透由事件前後之夫妻「原生家庭特性」、「教育程度與職業」、「健康情形與行為」、「交往與結婚過程」、「生殖家庭特性」及「社會支持情形」等影響之，且在台灣社會文化影響下，家庭中男性配偶特徵對夫妻婚姻品質的影響將比女性配偶特徵更為重要。

　　方法：個案組來源是高雄縣出生登記於1994年6月至2002年11月間初產之15-19歲女性354名與配偶289名，對照組是同時期出生登記但初產年齡在20歲以上的成年母親405名與配偶369名，婚姻品質測量是以國外常用JWEB婚姻品質模式(Johnson, White, Edwards, & Booth, 1986)為基礎所自編之「婚姻品質量表」，採用自己填寫之方式。總量表包含夫妻互動、婚姻幸福、夫妻爭執、衝突策略、離異傾向及友伴親密等六個分量表，評以1至4分，分數愈高表示婚姻品質愈佳。除此之外，問卷內容包含了對婚姻品質可能之影響因素：夫妻「原生家庭特性」、「教育程度與職業」、「健康情形與行為」、「交往與結婚過程」、「生殖家庭特性」及「社會支持情形」等相關問題。

　　結果：未成年母親與配偶相較於成年母親與配偶在產前與婚後的個人教育、職業、特質、原生家庭特性上均呈現不利情況。未成年母親及其配偶與成年母親及其配偶在整體婚姻品質與各向度得分均較偏正向。初產後7至8年組，未成年母親整體婚姻品質與婚姻幸福、夫妻爭執及離異傾向等向度均顯著差於成年母親(2.94 ± 0.47 vs. 3.03 ± 0.46，p< .05、3.07 ± 0.61 vs. 3.18 ± 0.54，p< .05；2.85 ± 0.47 vs. 2.99 ± 0.51，p< .01；2.91 ± 0.59 vs. 3.07 ± 0.60，p< .01)。未成年母親配偶整體婚姻品質與夫妻爭執及離異傾向等向度均顯著差於成年母親配偶(3.03 ± 0.39 vs. 3.11 ± 0.41，t = -2.06，p < .05；2.87 ± 0.47 vs. 3.02 ± 0.49，t = -3.16，p < .01；3.03 ± 0.51 vs. 3.00 ± 0.52，t = -3.56，p < .001)。初產後0至6年組，未成年母親整體婚姻品質與婚姻幸福、夫妻爭執及離異傾向等向度均顯著差於成年母親(2.86 ± 0.48 vs. 3.01 ± 0.44，t = -2.72，p< .01；2.96 ± 0.61 vs. 3.18 ± 0.52，t = -3.04，p < .01；2.80 ± 0.58 vs. 2.97 ± 0.50，t = -2.55，p < .05；2.79 ± 0.66 vs. 2.99 ± 0.59，t = -2.59，p < .05)。未成年母親配偶整體婚姻品質與成年母親配偶未達統計顯著差異，但在夫妻爭執與離異傾向等向度均顯著差於成年母親配偶(2.89 ± 0.52 vs. 3.03 ± 0.47，t = -2.12，p < .05； 3.01 ± 0.51 vs. 3.15 ± 0.54，t = -1.99，p < .05)。「未成年生育」除為初產後0至6年母親組婚姻品質顯著預測因子外，未成為初產後0至6年組之配偶與初產後7至8年組之夫妻婚姻品質顯著預測因子。「未成年生育」事件本身對婚姻品質影響力因考慮初產前與初婚後其他因素而降低，夫妻之「社會支持情形」、「生殖家庭特性」、「交往與結婚過程」及「健康情形與行為」對女性婚姻品質的影響遠超過「未成年生育」事件本身；夫妻之「交往與結婚過程」、「生殖家庭特性」、「社會支持情形」、「原生家庭特性」及「教育程度與職業」對男性婚姻品質的影響遠超過「未成年生育」事件本身。且在上述六方面中「男性配偶人口學、物質使用及情感交流特徵」尤為重要，與其他變項對此四組各可解釋24.1％-35.1%的變異量。初產後7至8年與0至6年未成年組夫妻「雙方婚姻品質差距」分別相似於成年組，僅各在友伴親密、婚姻幸福向度顯著大於成年組。「未成年生育」未成為影響初產後7至8年「夫妻婚姻品質差」與「雙方婚姻品質差距」顯著預測因子。「男性配偶人口學、物質使用及情感交流特徵」與其他預測因子在前者可解釋16.2%變異量，在後者則可解釋15.7%變異量。「未成年生育」為初產後0至6年「夫妻整體婚姻品質差」與「雙方整體婚姻品質差距」顯著預測因子，若包括「男性配偶人口學、物質使用及情感交流特徵」與其他因子在前者共可解釋24.5%變異量，對後者則可解釋9.7%變異量。初產後7至8年組與0至6年組未成年母親與配偶之婚姻品質預測因子均涉及「男性配偶人口學、物質使用及情感交流特徵」。

　　結論：相較於成年母親夫妻，未成年母親夫妻在婚姻品質的主要影響因素中皆顯不利，感受較差婚姻品質。「男性配偶人口學、物質使用及情感交流特徵」對婚姻品質影響程度更甚於「女方未成年生育」，然未成年母親配偶在上述特徵常顯劣勢，故本研究建議應避免未成年少女懷孕生產以致步上艱辛且品質差的婚姻。

　　Objectives: Adolescent mothers in Taiwan are more inclined to get married either before or after childbirths than those in the US, approximately 85% vs. 21% a year after childbearing. The main reasons are adolescent out-of-wedlock childbirths do not conform to our social norm and social welfare system does not reach out to these adolescent mothers who are largely socio-economically deprived. The adult life of these adolescent mothers is undoubtedly affected by the union. This study aims to understand whether differences in various dimensions of martial quality exist between the adolescent and adult mothers as well as between their male spouses, respectively.

　　Methods: Our case group consists of 354 adolescent mothers who delivered their firstborns at age 19 or younger in Kaoshiung County between June 1994 and November 2002 and 289 their husbands. The comparison group consists of 405 adult mothers who delivered their firstborns at age 20 or older and 369 their spouses. The quality of marriage was measured by a self design instrument comprising of six subscales, marital interaction, marital happiness, marital disagreement, conflict resolution, divorce proneness, companionate intimacy, based on the JWEB model. The scores for these subscales range from 1 to 4 where 1 indicates the poorest and 4 indicates the highest quality. In addition, the origin family characteristics, socio-demographic characteristics, health behaviors, dating and marriage decision making processes, the union family characteristics and social support were obtained by a self report questionnaire.

　　Results: In contrast to their adult controls, adolescent mothers and their husbands revealed inferiority in education level, occupation, personal characteristics, and features of origin family. Both the adolescent and adult couples exhibited positive responses on the total and each subscales of marriage of quality. The mean total score and subscale scores for marital happiness, marital disagreement and divorce proneness perceived by the group of 7-8 year postpartum adolescent mothers were significantly lower compared with those perceived by the adult mothers (2.94±0.47 vs. 3.03±0.46, p < .05; 3.07±0.61 vs. 3.18±0.54, p < .05;2.85±0.47 vs. 2.99±0.51, p < .01; 2.91±0.59 vs. 3.07±0.60, P < .01, respectively). The similar results were also found between adolescent mothers’ and adult mothers’ spouses (3.03 ± 0.39 vs. 3.11 ± 0.41，t = -2.06，p < .05；2.87 ± 0.47 vs. 3.02 ± 0.49，t = -3.16，p < .01；3.03 ± 0.51 vs. 3.00 ± 0.52，t = -3.56，p < .001). The mean total score and subscale scores for marital happiness, marital disagreement and divorce proneness perceived by the group of 0-6 year postpartum adolescent mothers were significantly lower compared with those perceived by the adult mothers (2.86 ± 0.48 vs. 3.01 ± 0.44, t = -2.72, p< .01; 2.96 ± 0.61 vs. 3.18 ± 0.52, t = -3.04, p < .01; 2.80 ± 0.58 vs. 2.97 ± 0.50, t = -2.55, p < .05; 2.79 ± 0.66 vs. 2.99 ± 0.59, t = -2.59, p < .05). The same comparisons between their husbands did not show statistical significance for the total scores. However, scores of marital disagreement and divorce proneness perceived by the spouses of these adolescent mothers were significantly lower compared with those perceived by their counterparts (2.89 ± 0.52 vs. 3.03 ± 0.47, t = -2.12, p < .05; 3.01 ± 0.51 vs. 3.15 ± 0.54, t = -1.99, p < .05). Teenage fertility was not a significant predictor for the marital quality of the couples of the 7-8 year postpartum group and only marginal significance was found for the 0-6 year postpartum group of the mothers but not the fathers after adjusting for other covariates. The social support, the union family characteristics, dating and marriage decision making processes, and heath behaviors were more important predictors for the marital quality perceived by the mothers; dating and marriage decision making processes, the union family characteristics, social support, the origin family characteristics, and socio-ecomomic characteristics were more important ones for the husbands. Among these factors, male spouses’ demographic characteristics, behaviors of substance use and emotional interaction with their wives were highly significant. Combined with other signficant predictors, they can explain 24.1% to 35.1% of variation of marital quality. The differences in perceived quality of marriage between the husbands and wifes were comparable between the adolescent and adult groups except in companionate intimacy and marital happiness where the adult group had smaller differences. Fertiliy age was not a significant predictor for the husband-to-wife differences and their absolute differences for the 7-8 postpartum group. Male spouses’ demographic characteristics, behaviors of substance use and emotional interaction with their wives were significant predictors for both differences. They explained 16.2% and 15.9% of the total variations respectively. For the 0-6 postpartum group, they and fertility age explained 24.5% and 9.7% respectively. Similar findings were obtained for the adolescent group where the perceived quality of marriage for the couples were significantly affected by the above male factors.

　　Conclusion: Both the adolescent mothers and their husbands had poorer perceived marriage of quality in several dimensions. Major contributing factors affecting marital quality were male spouses’ demographic characteristics, behaviors of substance use and emotional interaction with their wives, not fertility age. Teeage mothers were, however, more likely to engage marriage with males with poorer ends of these characteristics. This study suggested that teenage girl should avoid childbearing and enter a marriage that is highly probable to be poor in quality.

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