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研究生： 吳睿隆
Wu, Ruei-Long
論文名稱： 移動式浮動艙室法測量淡水水體溫室氣體排放之開發與應用研究
Development and Application of Floating Chamber Methods for the Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Freshwater Bodies
指導教授： 林財富
Lin, Tsair-Fuh
共同指導教授: 郭益銘
Kuo, Yi-Ming
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 智慧半導體及永續製造學院 - 智慧與永續製造學位學程
Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing
論文出版年： 2025
畢業學年度： 113
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 134
中文關鍵詞： 溫室氣體排放 、浮動艙室法 、自然水體 、淨零科技 、智慧巡航
外文關鍵詞： Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Floating Chamber Method, Freshwater Ecosystems, Net-Zero technologies, Autonomous navigation
相關次數： 點閱：51  下載：20 
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    • 溫室氣體（GHGs），如二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄），是地球氣候系統中的關鍵成分。淡水生態系統，如湖泊、河流及水庫等，是重要的碳排放源，因此準確量測淡水生態系統中溫室氣體的排放量，對於掌握氣候變化、改善氣候模型、制定政策和進行環境管理至關重要。
    本研究結合浮動艙室(Flux Chamber)與移動式無人船(Unmanned Surface Vehicle)，整合成移動式浮動艙室系統，探討量測淡水水體溫室氣體（CO₂與CH₄）通量量測監測可行性。系統設計採用密閉透明艙室搭配外循環氣體管路，結合ABB GLA131微型紅外線氣體分析儀，可於現地高頻率量測水面上方溫室氣體濃度變化，並即時計算碳通量與全球暖化潛勢（GWP）之碳當量值。研究並於南台灣兩個校園水體-崑大崑山湖與成大生態池進行多測點、日夜時段監測。
    研究結果顯示，兩水體在日夜時段與空間分布上均存在顯著差異。CO₂於日間多為負值（碳匯），夜間則呈現正值（碳源），反映光合作用與呼吸作用交替主導的生態週期。兩水體日間平均 CO₂ 通量為-620至625 mg/day/m²、夜間+2090-2690 mg/day/m²，總日均通量達1280至2060 mg/day/m²，同一水體四個量測點間相對差異最高可達35-85%。CO₂ 通量量測結果顯示兩水體之明顯差異性，及單一點為無法代表水體的碳排放量。CH₄排放則相對穩定，日夜通量差異不顯著，但兩水體排放通量差異達270%，顯示個水體量測的重要性，各點間之差異最高達75%，顯示多點位量測估算排放量而言更為精準。
    研究並驗證了移動式浮動艙室系統在長時間與多測點監測的可行性與效率，量測平衡時間短（約3-5分鐘）、可快速捕捉通量變化，並適用於不同環境條件。結果對於熱帶與亞熱帶區域湖泊碳收支之評估、碳源碳匯辨識及碳管理策略具有重要參考價值。

    Greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are pivotal drivers of climate change. CH₄ is especially impactful with a 100-year global warming potential roughly 28 times that of CO₂. Freshwater ecosystems (lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds) are significant natural sources of GHGs, particularly CH₄ produced via anaerobic decomposition in sediments. However, emissions from many freshwater bodies remain poorly quantified. This research addresses that gap by developing an improved floating chamber method for in-situ measurement of GHG fluxes at the water–air interface, integrated with an autonomous unmanned vessel for mobile monitoring. We deployed this system in two freshwater bodies in Tainan, Taiwan – Kun Shan Lake and the NCKU campus ecological pond – conducting seasonal and diurnal measurements of CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes. The floating chamber was coupled to a portable gas analyzer (ABB GLA131) to record real-time concentration changes, which were converted to fluxes using the chamber’s volume-to-area ratio and the ideal gas law. Measured fluxes were then expressed in carbon-equivalent units using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) factors (e.g. CH₄’s GWP≈27.2).
    Key findings include distinct spatial and temporal patterns of GHG emissions. CH₄ fluxes were detected continuously as positive (emissions), whereas CO₂ fluxes showed a diel cycle—net uptake (negative flux) during daylight due to photosynthetic activity, and net emission at night, yielding a coexisting sink-source behavior. CH₄ emissions, though small in mass (on the order of a few mg·m⁻²·day⁻¹), contributed disproportionately to total GHG impact when converted to CO₂-equivalents. Kun Shan Lake exhibited higher overall emissions than the smaller pond, with annual fluxes of ~820 kg CO₂-equivalent per m², versus ~653 kg CO₂-eq·m⁻² for the pond. These values approach the upper end reported for eutrophic water bodies, underscoring the significant climate impact of freshwater CH₄ release. The autonomous monitoring platform performed robustly in the field, reliably navigating preset waypoints and maintaining data quality even under wind and wave disturbances. This study’s innovations greatly enhance the spatio-temporal resolution of freshwater GHG measurements, providing critical data to refine global GHG inventories and inform climate policy on carbon management and mitigation.

    摘要 I EXTENDED ABSTRACT II 致謝詞 VIII 目錄 X 圖目錄 XIV 表目錄 XVIII 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 研究源起 1 1-2 研究目的 3 第二章 文獻回顧 4 2-1 全球氣候變遷與溫室氣體 4 2-1-1 溫室氣體的定義與類型 4 2-1-2 全球變遷背景 6 2-1-3 溫室氣體對淡水生態系統的影響 9 2-2 淡水生態系統中的溫室氣體排放 10 2-2-1 淡水水體中溫室氣體排放的主要來源 10 2-2-2 水體溫室氣體排放的影響因素 11 2-2-3 全球淡水生態系統中的甲烷和二氧化碳排放量估算 13 2-3 浮動通量室法（FLOATING CHAMBER METHODS）概述 15 2-3-1 浮動通量室法（Floating Chamber Methods）的技術原理 15 2-3-2 浮動通量室法的發展歷史與應用 16 2-3-3 浮動通量室法的優勢 17 2-4 浮動通量室法的技術挑戰與限制 18 2-4-1 環境因素對測量的影響 18 2-4-2 艙室設計的挑戰 20 2-5 水體溫室氣體排放的全球評估與數據應用 24 2-5-1 全球水體溫室氣體排放的現有數據 24 2-5-2 數據如何應用於氣候模型 24 第三章 實驗設備與方法 26 3-1 移動式浮動艙室法之架構與流程 26 3-2 各實驗水體採樣點選定描述及現況特徵 27 3-2-1 崑山科技大學崑山湖 27 3-2-2 國立成功大學安南校區生態池 29 3-3 溫室氣體採樣分析設備及在線監測方法 31 3-3-1 實驗設備 31 3-3-2 溫室氣體在線連續監測方法 32 第四章 結果與討論 34 4-1 儀器性能驗證與背景測試 34 4-1-1 雷射校正步驟與精準性評估 34 4-1-2 儀器校正與反應時間測試 36 4-1-3 大氣濃度空白背景實驗 38 4-1-4 GHG濃度轉換碳通量公式說明 39 4-1-5 通量計算與碳當量轉換 40 4-2 實地監測結果（崑大崑山湖） 42 4-2-1 環境因子 42 4-2-2 大氣背景空白濃度測量 43 4-2-3 崑山湖監測濃度 45 4-2-4 崑山湖湖區總通量計算與碳當量轉換 49 4-2-5 崑山湖四點通量差異探討與環境特性解析 50 4-3 實地監測結果（成大生態池） 51 4-3-1 環境因子 51 4-3-2 大氣背景空白濃度測量 52 4-3-3 生態池監測濃度 55 4-3-4 生態池湖區總通量計算與碳當量轉換 58 4-3-5 生態池四點通量差異探討與環境特性解析 59 4-4 兩處水體碳通量之日夜與區位比較總結 61 4-5 智慧型移動式水體溫室氣體監測無人平台 63 4-5-1 開發背景與動機 63 4-5-2 系統設計與整合架構 63 4-5-3 自主巡航測試與定位精度驗證 65 4-5-4 浮動艙室模組整合情況 67 4-5-5 採樣代表性分析 70 4-5-6 熱點圖與空間分布分析 71 4-5-7 後續相關之應用場域 72 第五章 結論與建議 74 5-1 結論 74 5-2 建議 75 參考文獻 76 附錄 90 APPENDIX A：崑山湖A點通量計算 90 APPENDIX B：崑山湖B點通量計算 93 APPENDIX C：崑山湖C點通量計算 96 APPENDIX D：崑山湖D點通量計算 99 APPENDIX E：生態池A點通量計算 102 APPENDIX F：生態池B點通量計算 105 APPENDIX G：生態池C點通量計算 108 APPENDIX H：生態池D點通量計算 111

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