翻耕與輪作是常見的農業管理方式，用以增加農作物的產量，改善農作物的品質。而目前已知人為的農業操作對於土壤中的線蟲群落影響甚鉅。本實驗研究翻耕(免耕、傳統翻耕) 與輪作方式(玉米-玉米連作、玉米-大豆輪作) 在不同深度中對土壤線蟲群落的影響，並以土壤線蟲作一指標生物，以顯示土壤及土壤食物網的健康程度。本實驗依食性將土壤線蟲歸類為食細菌線蟲、食真菌線蟲、雜食-捕食性線蟲、植物寄生線蟲。
實驗結果顯示，免耕提升了線蟲通道比 (NCR)、NCR (Fil)、結構指數(SI)及SI (Fil) 的數值，表示在免耕的環境中以細菌分解途徑為主，且土壤食物網結構比傳統翻耕更加穩定。輪作系統中，玉米-大豆輪作的環境中適合c-p 1 (colonizer-persister 1) 的食細菌線蟲BV1線蟲 (Mesorhabditis和Rhabditis) 及BV2線蟲 (Acrobeloides、Cephalobus和Heterocephalobus) 生活，造成相關的基本指數 (BI)及BI (Fil) 在0-5和15-30公分的土層中較高，並增加了5-15公分土層中的豐富指數 (EI)及EI (Fil)。本研究中發現土壤及線蟲群落結構在不同深度中有顯著差異，且受到土壤總體密度的影響甚鉅。
NCR與通道指數(CI)皆顯示食真菌線蟲的數量在免耕中較翻耕的處理中為低。已知土壤線蟲群落對氣候敏感，呈現出明顯的季節性變動，在中國東北部的嚴寒冬季氣溫影響下，土壤線蟲呈現出明顯的垂直分布。為躲避嚴寒及找尋合適的土壤濕度與食物資源，線蟲在免耕中聚集在15-30公分的土層，而在傳統耕作中，線蟲則向5-15公分處聚集。本研究中被獨立出的營養類群，Tylenchinae，對不同農業管理措施的反應常與食真菌線蟲一致，尤其是已被確定食性的線蟲屬，Filenchus。此結果建議，Tylenchinae應被歸為食真菌線蟲。

Tillage and rotation are routine management practices applied in agriculture to improve the quality and productivity of crop. It has long been known that agricultural managements have significant impact on the soil nematode community. To investigate the effects of tillage and rotation on nematode community at different depths, a field experiment with a complete random block design was performed. The treatments were the combination of two tillage systems: no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT); and two crop rotations: maize-maize continuous cropping (MM) and maize-soybean rotation (MS). We used soil nematodes as bioindicator to assess the healthiness of soil. Nematodes were categorized into appropriate functional guilds, including bacterivores, fungivores, omnivore-predator, and plant-parasite. Nematode ecological indices were used to analyze the trend of soil nematode community.
The results showed that the nematode channel ratio (NCR), NCR (Fil), structure index (SI) and SI (Fil) was higher in NT, which indicated that NT was dominated by bacterial decomposition pathway, and the soil food web suffered less disturbance in NT than in CT. MS was suitable for bacterivore of colonizer-persister class 1 (BV1): Mesorhabditis and Rhabditis, and BV2: Acrobeloides, Cephalobus and Heterocephalobus, leading to higher basal index (BI) and BI (Fil) in soil depth of 0-5 and 15-30 cm, and higher enrichment index (EI) and EI (Fil) in 5-15 cm deep. Furthermore, data showed a significant difference between depths, and bulk density played a key role in this study.
Both of NCR and channel index (CI) indicated that the abundance of fungivores was lower in NT. There was a significant seasonal variation in soil nematodes community. The fatal winter in Northeast China brought about the significant vertical distribution of soil nematodes. Nematodes aggregated at 15-30 cm under NT, and at 5-15 cm under CT to find adequate temperature, soil moisture and food resources. Therefore, most of the soil nematode characteristics were impacted by depth and bulk density. Tylenchinae performed as fungivores in this study, especially the genus, Filenchus, and we suggested that Tylenchinae was better to be identified as fungivorous nematode.

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