應用於水力發電之水輪機種類繁多，主要可分為法式水輪機、佩爾托式水輪機、卡普蘭式水輪機，因卡普蘭式較適合低水位落差，且效率相較為高，為本文研究之對象，目的在於研製小型水力發電系統，以驅動白色發光二極體進行照明。透過速度三角形理論，進行葉片之設計，接著利用數值模擬軟體以及實驗找出較高性能之葉片外型。
透過數值模擬及實驗顯示，在固定葉片面積條件下，裝載葉片扭曲程度小的葉形具有較佳之發電效率，扭曲程度較大之葉形的漏流現象較嚴重。而在水力測試發現，在流量越高，轉速越快時，由於部分能量消耗在震動及摩擦損耗上，因此機電轉換效率會開始降低，故每一種葉形會有其較佳之操作點。本文研究中較佳之葉片，其在流量為2.2m^3⁄hr時，轉速為800rpm時，可以點亮40顆白光砲彈型LED，在流量為4m^3⁄hr時，會有最大之發電功率0.129瓦，機電轉換效率為24.5%。

Turbines are widely used in hydropower generation. They can be divided into Francis turbines, Pelton's turbines and Kaplan turbines. The Kaplan turbine is usually used in low-head application, and more efficient than the others, and adopted in this study. The implementation of a small hydraulic generator with Kaplan turbines for driving LEDs is investigated in this thesis. The Turbines are designed based on the theory of velocity triangle, and then efficiency is examined by both simulations and the experiments.
The results show that the generator with the turbine designed with smaller blade twist angle has better performance, and the leakage flow is more serious with the larger blade twist angle. In the power generation test, the total efficiency decreases as the flow speed increases due to vibrations and friction loss becoming larger at higher rotation speed. When the flow rate is 2.2m^3⁄hr, the rotation speed of the blades reaches 800rpm, the generator can produce the power to drive 40 small white light LEDs. Finally, when the flow rate is 4m^3⁄hr, the power produced by the generator is 0.129 W, and the total efficiency is 24.47%.

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