以氫氣為進料的質子交換膜型燃料電池中，來自陰極中白金對氧氣之還原電池的主要阻抗，為了提昇白金對於氧氣還原的能力，和減少觸媒的成本，鉑合金成為主要的研究方向之一。本研究自製不同白金和鎳組成比之Pt-Ni/C觸媒，利用放電極化曲線與交流阻抗分析，在電池放電時對陰陽兩極的電荷轉移電阻和電解質電阻進行探討。
本研究以含浸法製備觸媒，將XC-72的碳粉含浸在含有Pt和Ni鹽類之乙二醇水溶液中，以聯氨為還原劑，於超音波震盪器中在300C溫度下，製備不同白金和鎳原子比例之Pt-Ni/C觸媒。利用吸收光譜儀、能譜儀、X光繞射儀與穿透式電子顯微鏡來分析觸媒的特性。隨著鎳與白金的原子比由0增加到4，觸媒中金屬的粒徑由30~50nm降至10~30nm。鎳-白金原子比(Ni/Pt)為1之觸媒，於空氣環境中3800C下熱處理，觸媒仍可維持穩定之結構。
本研究將電池加入一個氫參考電極，使電池分為陰極、陽極和氫參考電極，以三極式的系統進行電池放電測試的分析。並且提出一個等效電路模組，模擬質子交換膜型燃料電池陰極和陽極之交流阻抗分析結果。計算出陰極之阻抗並且將與極化曲線所獲得之阻抗進行比較。
由極化曲線分析的結果發現，Pt-Ni/C觸媒對氧氣的還原比Pt/C觸媒有較好的活性，當Ni在Pt-Ni的含量為33%時有最好的活性，當Ni的含量大於50%時，電極的活性將比Pt/C觸媒差。
由陰極交流阻抗分析的結果發現，隨著Ni含量的增加，高電流(大於500mA)的阻抗分析圖譜低頻部份有一個半圓生成，Ni的添加會對反應產生質傳上的阻力，且800mA的電荷轉移電阻也隨Ni含量的增加而增加，甚至大於500mA的電荷轉移電阻。
比較極化曲線與交流阻抗分析之結果，Pt/C觸媒兩種方式分析之電荷轉移電阻較為接近，當Ni添加後分析結果將有些微差異，且交流阻抗分析之電荷轉移電阻皆大於極化曲線分析之電荷轉移電阻。

In proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), one of the sources of major power loss is slow cathode kinetics. To increase the catalytic activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and to lower the cost of the catalysts, various Pt-alloy catalysts has been investigated in the past two decades. In this study, various atomic ratios of platinum to nickel in the catalysts on carbon support have been studied by the discharging polarization curves and AC impedance analysis.
In this investigating, carbon powder was impregnated with platinum and nickel salts in ethylene glycol solution. Catalyst was then reduced by hydrazine. After ultrasonic in 300C, catalysts with various atomic ratios of platinum to nickel were obtained. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray Diffraction Pattern, Transmission Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer and Atomic-Absorption Spectroscopy. While the ratio of nickel to platinum in the catalyst increased from 0 to 4, the particle size of metal in the catalyst was reduced from 30~50nm to 10~30nm. The structure of catalyst with Ni/Pt ratio 1 was stable after calcinations below 3800C.
Discharging test of the fuel cell was carried out in a three-electrode mode. The cell potential was divided into anode and cathode potentials, referred to a normal hydrogen reference electrode. An equivalent circuit model was proposed to explain the results of AC impedance analysis from the anode and cathode of PEMFC. The cathode performance of fuel cell was investigated by comparing the discharging polarization curves and AC impedance analysis.
As compared to the Pt/C catalysts from discharging test of the fuel cell, the Pt-Ni/C catalysts with different atomic ratios exhibited lower charge transfer resistance for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). When the catalyst with atomic nickel content in the alloy is 33%, lowest charge transfer resistance for ORR was obtained. The catalyst with nickel atomic content in the alloy higher than 50%, had high charge transfer resistance.
AC impedance analysis showed that with increasing nickel content, impedance spectra at high current had a new arc at lower frequency range. With increasing nickel contents, the impedance at 800mA would increase even higher than the impedance at 500mA.
comparing the result of AC impedance analysis and discharging test of the fuel cell, the charge transfer resistance of pure catalyst from AC impedance analysis was close to that from discharging test of the fuel cell. When nickel was added, the charge transfer resistance from AC impedance analysis was difference from that from discharging test. Charge transfer resistance of all catalysts analysed by AC impedance was higher than those analysed by discharging test.

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