對於地震事件頻繁發生的國家而言，同震位移格點模型之建立為維護半動態大地基準精度的重要關鍵。然而，何時該新增同震位移格點模型，迄今為止仍無一套明確而具體的判斷標準。為了解決這個問題，本研究首先取得全臺各GNSS連續測站2003年1月至2018年8月之觀測資料，解算每日坐標成果，並擬合坐標時間序列後，分析統計臺灣地區GNSS之平面坐標精度約為14 mm。換言之，地表最大同震位移量14 mm即為新增同震位移格點模型之門檻值。然而，如何即時判斷地表同震位移量是否有可能達到此門檻？本研究提出了以下兩種方案：首先，方案一為臺灣及其鄰近地區於ML > 4.0之地震事件發生時，將根據即時地震矩張量監測系統所提供之即時地震資訊，搭配中央氣象局的滑移及地震規模經驗式推導同震滑移量，並以斷層正演模型進行地表同震格點位移量之模擬。而根據本研究之模擬結果顯示，地震規模達ML 6.1以上之地震事件較有可能於地表造成超過14 mm之同震位移量，進而產生新增同震位移格點模型之必要。而由於並非所有國家皆有即時地震張量矩監測系統，因此本研究提出第二方案，根據臺灣之孕震帶分布進行判定網格之建立與斷層幾何參數之設定。於此判定網格中，本研究假設每個格點皆為震源，並將其設為斷層面之中心點，再透過斷層正演模型搜尋每個網格點於其相應之地表同震位移量達到14 mm時所需的最小地震規模。根據模擬結果，要在臺灣陸地區域產生14 mm之地表同震位移量，則其所需最小規模約為ML 6.0，與第一方案之結果相當。此外，為驗證上述兩種方案之合理性與可行性，本研究彙整臺灣1999年至2019年間之地震資料以及已發表之重大地震事件同震位移場文獻，進行地表同震格點位移量之模擬，並以雙線性內插模擬各地震之震源位置發生地震時，要在地表產生最大水平位移量大於14 mm，其所需之最小區域地震規模。最後，當確認地震事件發生且其地表同震位移量超過門檻值而需新增同震位移格點模型後，將以後續大地觀測作業取得之同震位移資料以運動學模型建立該地震事件之同震位移格點模型以維護半動態基準之精度。

Construction of the coseismic displacement grid model (hereinafter referred to as grid model) is an important strategy to maintain the semi-dynamic geodetic datum in the countries located at the plate boundaries due to abundant major earthquakes. To clarify the timing of a grid model construction, we first evaluated the horizontal precision of continuous GNSS observations in Taiwan as approximately 14 mm in terms of the coordinate time series analysis from 2003 to 2018. In other words, the maximum coseismic displacement of 14 mm is the threshold to build a grid model. However, how to real-time understand whether an earthquake may reach the threshold? Two strategies were proposed. First, the coseismic displacements will be evaluated using a kinematic fault model when an ML > 4.0 earthquake occurs by information from Real-Time Moment Tensor Monitoring System to see whether it reach the threshold. Second, a checking grid of the required minimum magnitude was suggested. The checking grid and geometry parameters were constructed in terms of the seismogenic zone inferred from seismicity of Taiwan. A series of forward fault model tests were implemented to search for the required minimum magnitude whose corresponding displacement reaches the threshold. Based on this examination, the general required minimum magnitude is ML 6.0, which is comparable to the results from first strategy. In addition, the correctness of above two strategies were also verified by comparing the published coseismic displacement fields in Taiwan from 1999 to 2019.

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