地形圖一直是人們用來描述空間資訊之重要圖資。地圖測繪人員將真實世界中的地物，抽象為各種圖式符號並展繪於圖面上，達到描述並紀錄空間資訊之目的。電腦三維繪圖技術之進步，發展出三維城市模型，使得人們對於空間資訊之描述，能夠更為完整且真實。但就應用需求的觀點，目前三維城市模型尚無法完全取代二維地形圖，二維的地形圖仍有其存在之必要性。另一方面，地理資訊系統(GIS)是未來空間資訊領域之發展重心，因此三維城市模型與GIS的結合，將是必然的趨勢。

本研究的主要探討重心有三，第一是希望能夠藉由分析地形圖與三維城市模型之間的內涵共通性，來探討兩者能否實現雙向共通之目的。本研究分別針對兩者在各個地物類別上的對應性、對地物之描述方式的共通性，以及精度共通性三個方向來進行論述分析，找出決定兩者是否能夠達成共通的關鍵因素，以協助實踐兩者之共通。第二是希望針對建物的外觀結構進行分析，目的為區分出建築物的單元實體及其幾何描述資料，做為後續建物塑模依據。第三是探討三維城市模型如何與GIS接軌，針對三維城市模型應用於GIS的實體化作業，來進行論述。首先闡明實體的定義與組成架構，並以此為基礎，提出三維城市模型實體化作業的概念，並討論城市模型與GIS接軌的條件及措施。

本研究之研究成果可分為三部份，第一，三維城市模型與地形圖之間的共通上，取決於兩個主要因素；位於兩者針對地物描述之共通部位上的共同觀測地物點要能夠對應，及兩者對於共同地物點之觀測精度應一致。第二，建物外型構造分析之關鍵，為建物主體結構及附屬結構的區分依據要明確。第三，本研究以實體的定義以及組成架構為基礎，所提出之三維城市模型實體化之概念及流程，基本上能夠達成將三維城市模型實體化之目的；而在實務上，作業之自動化，以及城市模型實體化之作業細節與規範等，均是未來可繼續深入研究之課題。

Topographic maps have been one of the important sources to describe the real world. Cartographers transform the real objects into the variant meaningful symbols on the maps to present a specific theme or particular spatial information. Due to the development of computer graphics, 3D city models make people comprehend the real world more easily and completely. However regarding to the applications, 3D city models still cannot replace topographic maps entirely which means the topographic maps are still non-substitutable. In the other aspect, GIS is the major development in Geomatics in the future. Combining the 3D city models and GIS would be imperative.

Three main topics are contained in this research. The first is the common content between 3D city models and topographic maps. In order to determine the key points about the transformation between 3D city models and topographic maps, they should be analyzed by the consistency of corresponding features, object characterization and spatial accuracy. The second is the analysis of building structures for distinguishing the building- parts as the base of 3D building modeling. The third is to discuss how the 3D city models and GIS could be connected together. Based on the definition and composition of an entity, we propose the concept of entity-based 3D city modeling, and discuss the conditions and methods for the transition of 3D city models to GIS.

The results of this research can be seperated into three parts. First, there are two key points about the transformation between 3D city models and topographic maps. First, the identical measured object points should have the consistency between 3D city models and topographic maps, and second, the common feature points should have the same observation accuracy. Second, for the analysis of building modeling, the rules to distinguish main-part and accessories of a building should be clear. Third, the concepts and procedures for entity-based 3D city modeling we proposed in this thesis basically could reach the propose of transforming the 3D object models in the city into entities. Practically, both subjects about the automation and rules for entity-based 3D city modeling can be a further study in the future.

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