土壤中過多的塩分會影響植物的生長及發育。在遭受塩害逆境時，由於細胞膨壓的降低及根部吸水的障礙，引起植物細胞的生長受到抑制。然而對於塩害影響水稻根部細胞之生理層次及分子機制仍不甚清楚。
　　本實驗以水稻作為研究材料，探討塩害逆境經由何種訊息傳遞路徑，導致根尖細胞發生細胞死亡現象，進而影響根部生長的生理及分子機制。結果顯示，以150 mM NaCl處理48小時，即明顯抑制水稻根部的生長；而450 mM NaCl處理會引起水稻根尖細胞發生DNA斷裂(degradation)，預先外加10 mM CaCl2可使此現象消失，顯示塩害可能藉由造成離子不平衡逆境，誘導水稻根部進行計畫性細胞死亡現象。若在450 mM NaCl處理之前先處理CaCl2、蛋白質去磷酸酶抑制劑－cantharidin、sodium orthovanadate(Na3VO4)、phenylarsine oxide (PAO)，可部份抑制塩害所造成根部尖端細胞死亡；前處理抑制胞器鈣離子釋放抑制劑－ruthenium red(RR)，則增加塩害造成根尖端細胞死亡現象。因此推測蛋白質去磷酸酶及胞器鈣離子，可能參與塩害所誘導水稻根尖細胞死亡的訊息傳遞路徑。
　　目前相關研究指出，在阿拉伯芥及酵母菌中大量表現轉譯起始因子BvelF1A，能增進對塩害逆境的抗性，然而，在水稻轉譯起始因子eIF5A功能的研究瞭解仍相當有限，因此本研究主要探討水稻兩個轉譯起始因子eIF5A(OseIF5A-3及OseIF5A-4)基因所具有的特性。以南方墨點法分析顯示兩個OseIF5As基因皆為單一基因。以北方墨點法分析結果顯示，OseIF5As 基因在各個組織皆有表現，但在成熟葉中累積量明顯較高。在重金屬與塩害處理懸浮細胞結果顯示，OseIF5A-3 的mRNA表現量會受誘導增加，若以塩害處理水稻根部，OseIF5A-1、 OseIF5A-2及OseIF5A-3的mRNA表現量皆會受誘導增加，因此顯示OseIF5As 參與調控塩害訊息傳遞路徑的過程。進一步轉殖阿拉伯芥大量表現不完全的(truncated)AteIF5A-2時，50mM NaCl處理即可明顯抑制轉殖株種子的萌發，因此認為eIF5A影響種子對塩害逆境的耐受力；此結果也推測水稻和阿拉伯芥eIF5A在塩害逆境所扮演的功能可能有其相似性。

　　Excess mineral salts in the soil could affect the growth and development of plants. Under salt stress, the growth of plant cells is inhibited due to reduced cell tugor and water uptakes. However, the mechanisms beneath such phenomenon in rice roots are not well understood.
　　In this study, rice root-tip cells were used to study the signal transduction pathways underlying salt-induced cell death. Root growth inhibition was apparently observed when treating 150 mM NaCl for 48 hours. DNA degradation could be detected in root-tip cells under 450 mM NaCl treatment whereas pretreatment of 10 mM CaCl2 could suppress such effects. These results indicated that salt induced programmed cell death could be a result of ion disequilibrium. Besides CaCl2, when the roots was incubated with protein phosphatase inhibitors prior to 450 mM NaCl treatment, the salt-induced cell death could also be partially abolished. However, pretreatment of intracellular Ca2+ flux blocker increased salt-induced cell death. Therefore, calcium flux and protein phosphatases may be involved in sal-induced cell death of rice root-tip cells.
　　In yeast and Arabidopsis, over-expression of translation initiation factor eIF1A (BvelF1A) increases salt tolerances. Therefore, we also tried to isolate their homologues from rice. In the present study, we have cloned two eIF5A homologues from rice. Both genes are single-copy in rice genome. Whereas the expression of both genes were detectable in every tissues, predominant accumulation of both mRNA in aged leaves was observed. While the expression of OseIF5A-3 could be induced after salt and heavy-metal stress in rice suspension cells, the increment of OseIF5A-1, OseIF5A-2, and OseIF5A-3 transcripts were observed in rice root treated by salt. Such results suggested that OseIF5A genes may play a role in salt signaling pathway.
　　Finally, over-expression of a AteIF5A-2 in its truncative form inhibited seed germination under 50 mM NaCl. It is possible that eIF5A lead to the adaptation to the salt stress. Thus, these results suggested that the role of eIF5A is very similar in both Arabidopsis and rice.

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