中　文　摘　要
基督教的靈修旅遊活動已行之有年，並且逐漸擴大，臺灣基督教靈修營地數量粗估可提供五萬多的床數，這與一百二十萬的基督徒人口數相較之下，其比率懸殊而引發出研究動機。本研究目的在探討「台灣基督教靈修營地」經營現況，與如何開創出「永續發展」的契機。研究方法是以文獻探討、深度訪談與實際參與觀察的質性研究。
本研究訪談四家基督教靈修營地的經營者，訪談的重點為：(1)基督教靈修營地的經營初始，(2)營地經營的困境與現況，(3)解決困境之方法。這四家靈修營地分別為：(1)加利利宣教中心、(2)磐石之家靈修營地、(3)衛理福音園、(4)水之鄉靈修渡假營地。
同時也訪談了十二位基督教人士，針對他們個人(1)對於基督教靈修的看法，(2)對於台灣基督教靈修營地的觀感與建議，進行了深度訪談。
本論文的研究者本人在過去的八年實際參與了位於台南風景區的一家靈修營地的經營和管理。從營地的維護到活動內容的設計，從業務行銷到永續發展，研究者累積了相當豐富的經驗，也深知基督教團體對於靈修營地的倚重與需求。本論文因此也提供了這些實務經驗與經營心得。
研究發現：原生的自然系統不但是很好的宗教資源，同時也是科學的、休閒的、美學的、以及經濟的資源。對於一個以提供大自然為基礎的基督教靈修營地而言，「生態靈修」給予靈修參與者另一種認識上帝的管道，因著與這位創造人類、與自然的生命源頭連結，而重建「同契共在」倫理關係，「與主密契」之整全生命，落實「聖經」的啟示，增進與神、與人、與自然平衡和諧、「與環境友善」。基督教靈修營地的「生態靈修」，目的是在於使一個有聖靈更新之後，具有屬靈新生命之心靈與靈性的新人，反映至現實社會的環境危機上，帶來生生不息之綠色環保的地球，以開創出永續發展的新契機。台灣基督教靈修營地的經營現況已能夠在困境與挑戰當中，努力的突破與逆轉至持平營運之局面。然而仍有精進的目標、方向與空間。

SUMMARY

The global Christian spiritual retreat activities have been well established for many years and are expanding gradually. This research is to study the opportunities of sustainable developments of Christian spiritual retreat centers in Taiwan. The system of primeval nature is not only a good resource of religion, but also that of science, leisure, esthetics, and economy. For a Christian spiritual retreat center surrounded with Mother Nature, “ecological spiritual retreat” provides an alternative avenue to know God more for the retreat participants, thus fulfilling the revelation of the Bible, enhance the holistic life of “walking with God” and “being environmentally friendly.”
This research studies both the historical and current management of four Christian retreat centers by interviewing their persons-in-charge. The interviews focus on three areas: 1. the beginning of the center, 2. the historical predicaments and current situation on the management of the center, 3. the experiences of overcoming the predicaments. The four spiritual centers studied were: (1) Galilee Mission Center, (2) House of Rock Retreat Center, (3) Wesley Grove the Methodist, (4)Village of Water Retreat Center. The researcher has interviewed another twelve Christian personages to talk about their opinions for Christian retreat activities as well as their perceptions and suggestions of the various retreat centers in Taiwan. The contents of the interviews are also included in this thesis.
For the past eight years, the researcher of this study has been directly involved in the operations management of a retreat center located in a Tainan, Taiwan scenic area. The researcher has accumulated abundant experiences and learned the needs and the reliance of Christian community for retreat centers by doing the works from the maintenance of the center to the design of the activities, from marketing to sustainable development. Therefore, the practical experience and management knowhow are presented in the thesis.
The purpose of “ecological spiritual retreat” of Christian retreat centers is, through the spiritual revived beings by the Holy Spirit, in the reflection of the environmental crisis of social reality, to bring an endless, green, environmental conserved earth which can innovate new opportunities of sustainable development. The operations management of nowadays Christian retreat centers in Taiwan, by being able to overcome many predicaments and challenges, has turned adversity into balanced operation. But still there are further goals and directions needed to be pursued and room for improvement.

Key words: siritual turism, Christianity, spiritual retreat center,operations management, ecological spiritual retreat

INTRODUCTION

For the Christianity in Taiwan, it becomes more and more significant to meet the needs of spiritual retreat centers which provide isolated facilities for individuals or small groups to practice spiritual meditation. However the operations management of few Christian spiritual retreat centers (CSRC) has never been easy. The difficulties that CSRC have encountered usually include fundraising, land acquirement, manpower of management and maintenance, and strategy of operation.
Case studies in the operations management of Taiwan’s four CSRC and the discussion and analysis of the researcher’s personal experiences in the involvement of operating a CSRC are the main theme of this thesis. Through the interviews of the persons-in-charge of four CSRC, the historical predicaments, current situation on the management, and the strategy of overcoming their operations difficulties of the centers have been presented and discussed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The first portion of this study is to visit Taiwan’s four CSRC facilities and to interview their managers in order to acquire the data on their operations management during the period from the establishment of the center to the current routine business. The four centers studied were: (1) Galilee Mission Center, (2) House of Rock Retreat Center, (3) Wesley Grove the Methodist, (4)Village of Water Retreat Center.
Additional interviews of twelve Christian personages are also included in the study in order to learn more information on their opinions for Christian retreat activities as well as their perceptions on the various retreat centers in Taiwan.
To her interest and enthusiasm in learning how to manage a Christian retreat center, the researcher of this study has been directly involved in the operations management of a retreat center located in a Tainan scenic area for eight years. Through observing the field routine and running the business of the retreat center, the researcher has obtained a lot of first hand data and precious experience.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The study results of the operations management of the four CSRC are summarized as follows:
(1) Galilee Mission Center provides regular spiritual meetings with the helps, advices, and counseling from the clergy. One of the characteristics of the center is its Ark Church which was built with floating woods and thus possesses the meaning of green environmental ideology.
(2) House of Rock Retreat Center has excellent contributions toward the Christianity community. The center provides the facility and opportunities for Christians in doing daily devotion hours, in seeking the spiritual gifts growth, in edifying the talented people for the kingdom of God.
(3) Wesley Grove the Methodist locates at scenic Yang-Ming Mountain, nearby Taipei City, that has become its advantage. With its well-established experience training activities, the center is reaping its harvest in the area of both personally mental and physical developments as well as group coherence and interaction of team works.
(4) Village of Water Retreat Center, by locating on a small peninsula over a reservoir, enjoys its privilege of owning totally natural environment. Currently, the center provides its facilities for the retreat activities that run by church organizations themselves. However, the shortage of manpower, the inconvenience in accessibility, and rampancy of mosquito during summer season are the current changelings that the center has to overcome.
By doing the works from the maintenance of the center to the design of the activities, from marketing to sustainable development, the researcher has accumulated abundant experiences and learned the needs and the reliance of Christian community for retreat centers. The resulting practical experience and management knowhow are presented.

CONCLUSION

The purpose of “ecological spiritual retreat” of Christian retreat centers is to bring an endless, green, environmental conserved earth which can innovate new opportunities of sustainable development. By being able to overcome many problems and challenges, the operations management of nowadays Christian retreat centers in Taiwan has turned adversity into balanced operation. The goal of “ecological spiritual retreat” of Christian retreat centers has been more or less achieved.
It is the researcher’s sincere wish that more Christian professionals are willing to engage in CSRC industry and more expansive studies related to CSRC should be done in the near future.

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