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研究生： 王威凱
Wang, Wei-Kai
論文名稱： 摻鎵之鉍銅硒氧化合物的合成及其熱電性質和空氣氣氛下化學穩定性之研究
The study on the synthesis, thermoelectric properties and chemical stability in air of Ga-doped BiCuSeO
指導教授： 齊孝定
Qi, Xiao-Ding
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 材料科學及工程學系
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年： 2019
畢業學年度： 107
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 99
中文關鍵詞： 熱電材料 、鉍銅硒氧 、鎵摻雜 、固相反應法 、熱穩定性
外文關鍵詞： thermoelectric materials, BiCuSeO, Solid State Reaction, Ga-doped, thermal stability
相關次數： 點閱：90  下載：0 
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    • 本研究的主軸為氧化物熱電材料鉍銅硒氧(BiCuSeO)，鉍銅硒氧為P型半導體，擁有特殊的層狀結構，由絕緣層(Bi2O2)2+與導電層(Cu2Se2)2-沿C軸相互交疊而成，此結構造就了鉍銅硒氧的高席貝克係數與低熱傳導係數。但相對於傳統合金熱電材料，鉍銅硒氧的電導率偏低，因此諸多文獻透過摻雜欲改善其電導率。氧化物熱電材料的操作溫度大多處在高溫，鉍銅硒氧已被證實在高溫下極易與氧反應而有氧化、揮發、熱分解以及降解的現象。綜合以上所述，本研究將摻雜鎵(Ga)於鉍銅硒氧中的銅位置，並試圖探討此摻雜對於鉍銅硒氧於大氣氣氛下的熱穩定性以及熱電性質的影響。
    本研究使用固相反應燒結法合成出摻雜鎵的鉍銅硒氧多晶塊材。並利用X光繞射儀、掃描式電子顯微鏡、熱重分析儀、霍爾量測系統、席貝克係數量測系統、四點探針電阻量測系統等儀器與分析方法，研究鉍銅硒氧在摻雜前後的結構、熱穩定性以及熱電性質的差異。
    實驗結果顯示於750°C惰性氣氛下合成的BiCu1-xGaxSeO樣品，經XRD分析得知在低摻雜量時能維持純相，當鎵摻雜量高於5%時，二次相(Bi3Se4)開始析出，未摻雜之鉍銅硒氧樣品於大氣氣氛500℃下持溫1小時後其主相結構會變相形成二次相Bi7.38Cu0.62O11.69(PDF#49-1765)以及Bi2O3(PDF#78-1793)，而摻雜鎵之樣品則仍能維持鉍銅硒氧主相結構。
    大氣氣氛下進行的TGA分析得知未摻雜之鉍銅硒氧樣品在經過500℃持溫1小時後有著明顯的熱重增加，而摻雜鎵之樣品其熱重增加隨著摻雜量的增加而減少。SEM分析中亦能觀察到於大氣氣氛下500℃持溫1小時前後的表面形貌有著明顯差別，經EDS分析後得知未摻雜樣品於大氣氣氛500℃下持溫1小時後樣品表面會有鉍、硒揮發的現象，導致銅的成份偏多，而隨著樣品中鎵摻雜量的提升，此鉍、硒揮發的現象會逐漸減緩。
    電性分析部分，席貝克分析主要受到摻雜量的影響，隨著鎵的摻雜量提升，其載子濃度增加促使席貝克係數降低，相反地，電導率則會隨載子濃度提升而有所增加，當鎵摻雜量為10%時，其電導率會從半導體型轉為金屬型，推測是由於高摻雜量導致能帶結構改變，因此影響其高溫的電導行為。在大氣氣氛500℃下持溫1小時前後，未摻雜之鉍銅硒氧樣品的席貝克係數急遽下降其電導行為也從半導體型轉為金屬型，而鎵摻雜樣品在大氣氣氛500℃下持溫1小時前後其席貝克係數趨勢仍維持一致，僅有些微數值的下降，電導行為在大氣氣氛500℃持溫1小時後仍保持半導體型。功率因子(PF)方面不論在大氣氣氛500℃持溫1小時破壞前或後，鎵摻雜量為1%的樣品其功率因子皆為最高，未經大氣氣氛500℃持溫1小時破壞之鎵摻雜量1%樣品在570K時其功率因子為0.08W/cmK2

    In this work, the effects of Ga doping on the thermal stability and thermoelectric properties of BiCu1-xGaxSeO (x=0.0~0.10) were studied. The samples were prepared via solid state reaction technique. First, we tried different sintering temperatures to prepare the undoped samples in sealed quartz tube filled with argon. The optimal temperature was found to be 750 C, which was then used for the preparation of Ga-doped samples of a pure phase. The sintering process took place for 24 hours. The thermal stability in air of the prepared BiCu1-xGaxSeO was then studied by heating the samples at 500 C in air for 1 hour. The as-prepared samples and the samples after heating in air were characterized by a range of techniques, including XRD, SEM, EDS, TGA, etc. XRD results showed that the BiCuSeO phase was lost almost completely by the heating in air for the undoped samples, in contrast, the Ga-doped samples could keep the BiCuSeO phase with only tiny amount of the secondary phase, Bi3Se4, occurring after heating in air. TGA results showed that the weight gain for the Ga-doped samples was decreased considerably compared to the undoped samples, indicating that the Ga doping helped to prevent the samples from taking oxygen when they were exposed in air at high temperature. Seebeck coefficient measurements indicated that for the undoped samples, the heating in air resulted in a significant decrease in Seebeck coefficient, dropping from 400 to 50 V/K (measured at 575 K), while for the 1% Ga doped samples, such a deterioration in Seebeck coefficient was far less, which only varied from 310 to 236 V/K. The temperature dependence of electric conductivity showed that as-prepared samples of both undoped and Ga-doped BiCuSeO had the semiconductor behavior. However, after heating in air, the undoped samples switched to metallic behavior due to thermal decomposition, whereas the Ga-doped samples retained the semiconductor behavior. All the results confirmed that the Ga doping could effectively suppress the thermal decomposition of BiCuSeO in air while maintain similarly good thermoelectric property of pristine BiCuSeO.
    Key words：thermoelectric materials, BiCuSeO, Ga-doped, thermal stability

    摘要 I EXTENDED ABSTRACT III 誌謝 XI 目錄 XIV 表目錄 XVI 圖目錄 XVII 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 研究動機與目的 7 第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧 9 2-1 熱電效應之理論基礎 9 2-1-1 席貝克效應[11](Seebeck effect) 10 2-1-2 帕爾帖效應[12] (Peltier effect) 13 2-1-3 湯姆森效應[13] (Thomson effect) 15 2-2 熱電優值與熱電功率因子[17, 18] 18 2-2-1 席貝克係數[19, 20] (Seebeck coefficient) 22 2-2-2 電導率[21, 22] (Conductivity) 25 2-2-3 熱傳導率[20] (Thermal conductivity) 27 2-3 熱電材料的熱電轉化效率改善[23] 29 2-3-1 載子濃度對材料熱電性質的影響 30 2-3-2 聲子對熱電性質的影響[20] 32 2-4氧化物熱電材料 34 2-4-1 鉍銅硒氧之結構與特性 35 2-4-2 鉍銅硒氧之文獻回顧 36 第三章 實驗方法與步驟 43 3-1 樣品製備 43 3-1-1 燒結條件選擇 43 3-1-2 定溫下摻雜樣品製備 44 3-2 材料性質量測分析及設備簡介 47 3-2-1 X光繞射儀 (XRD) 47 3-2-2 全譜分析軟體(TOPAS) 48 3-2-3 掃描式電子顯微鏡 (SEM) 50 3-2-4 熱重分析儀 (TGA) 52 3-2-5 霍爾量測系統 53 3-2-6 席貝克係數量測系統 55 3-2-7 四點探針電阻量測系統 56 第四章 結果與討論 57 4-1 BiCuSeO燒結條件選擇 57 4-2 燒結溫度750°C下鎵摻雜熱電性質及熱穩定性質研究 59 4-2-1 XRD結果分析 59 4-2-2 大氣氣氛下破壞後之BiCuSeO樣品XRD結果分析 61 4-2-3 大氣氣氛下破壞後之Ga摻雜BiCuSeO樣品XRD結果分析 63 4-2-4 晶格常數與晶粒大小比較 65 4-2-5 結構與密度分析 72 4-2-6 熱重分析 79 4-2-7 席貝克係數與霍爾量測 81 4-2-8 電導率量測分析 85 4-2-9 功率因子計算 89 第五章 結論 92 參考文獻 94

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