背景：兒童期創傷經驗已被證實與成年認知功能呈現負相關，為雙相情緒障礙症的危險因子並影響其預後。在一般成人中，兒童期創傷經驗會造成發炎指標上升、腦功能連結變化，這些也被認為與其認知功能下降可能有關。然而，過去很少文獻討論在雙相情緒障礙症成人身上，兒童期創傷經驗是否與發炎指標上升、腦功能連結失調與認知功能改變相關。
目的：探索兒童期創傷經驗與雙相情緒障礙症成人中發炎指標、認知功能、以及腦功能連結的相關性。
方法：本研究收入69位18到65歲符合美國精神醫學會診斷系統第四版雙相情緒障礙症診斷標準的成人，以及32位健康成人作為對照組。針對以上受試者使用漢氏憂鬱量表和楊氏躁症量表測量情緒症狀，兒童期創傷量表測量兒童期創傷經驗，威斯康辛卡片測驗測量認知功能，並採樣受試者的周邊血液，量測高敏感C反應蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs-CRP), 白細胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6) 和腫瘤壞死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)等發炎指標。其中38位雙相情緒障礙症成人進行腦部靜息態功能性核磁共振照影，以尾狀核為參考點計算全腦—尾狀核之功能性連結。數據分析使用皮爾森相關（Pearson’s correlation），檢驗受試者的童年期創傷問卷分數、發炎指標及認知功能之相關性，並使用淨相關（partial correlation）控制身體質量指數和性別等干擾因子。針對腦影像數據分析，使用淨相關並控制年齡，檢驗童年期創傷問卷分數、認知功能、與全腦—尾狀核功能性連結的相關。
結果：相較於健康組，雙相情緒障礙症組的兒童期創傷量表總分、情緒虐待、性虐待、情緒忽略、身體忽略等分數均顯著較高，此外，雙相情緒障礙症組的威斯康辛卡片測驗執續錯誤顯著較多、完成類別數目顯著較少。
本研究以皮爾森相關檢驗兒童期創傷、發炎指標和認知功能的相關，在健康對照組中，兒童期身體虐待和腫瘤壞死因子-α濃度呈現負相關。在情緒平穩期的雙相情緒障礙症成人中，兒童期情緒忽略、身體忽略和兒童期創傷總分皆和白細胞介素-6濃度呈現負相關。另外，情緒平穩期雙相情緒障礙症成人組中，兒童期身體忽略與威斯康辛卡片測驗中的執續錯誤呈現正相關、完成類別數呈現負相關。在以淨相關控制身體質量指數和性別後，上述相關仍呈現顯著或邊緣顯著。
在38位雙相情緒障礙症成人的腦影像分析中，兒童期身體忽略和左側尾狀核至額葉－頂葉網絡的功能連結呈現負相關，有顯著的區域包括：右側緣上迴、左側頂下小葉，右側額葉皮質內側，右側頂上小葉。兒童期情緒忽略和左側尾狀核至右側額葉皮質內側功能連結呈現負相關。同時，以上腦區的功能連結和威斯康辛卡片測驗的表現呈現正相關。
結論：雙相情緒障礙症成人較一般人經驗較多兒童期創傷，且兒童期忽略經驗與其成年後的前額葉功能、腦部功能連結，以及發炎指標濃度有關。未來需要進一步探討如何針對曾有兒童期創傷經驗之雙相情緒障礙症成人進行介入，以改善治療反應並避免其腦功能減損。

Background: Childhood trauma affect the cognitive function at adulthood, which may be mediated by inflammation and corticostriatal dysfunction. Childhood trauma also associated with cognitive dysfunction of bipolar disorder (BD) population. However, the role of inflammation and corticostriatal dysfunction in this process remains unclear.
Aim: To explore the possible effect of childhood trauma of cognitive performance, brain functional connectivity, and inflammation markers in adult BD patients.
Methods: Thirty-two healthy controls and sixty-nine BD participants were enrolled, their age range from eighteen to sixty-five years old. Mood symptoms were evaluated via Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Childhood trauma was identified via the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Participants completed the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (WCST). Inflammatory markers including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated from participants’ peripheral blood. Pearson’s correlation was used for examining the association between childhood trauma, inflammatory markers and WCST performance, and partial correlation was used to control the possible effect of body mass index and sex. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) was performed in thirty-eight BD participants who agree with the neuroimaging exam using a 3T scanner. Bilateral caudate to whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) were analyzed, and childhood trauma was entered as a regressor of interest when controlling for age.
Results: The mean total childhood trauma, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect score are significantly higher in BD group than healthy control group. Furthermore, BD group showed the poorer performance in WCST than healthy control group.
In healthy control group, the blood level of TNF-α was negatively associated with the level of physical abuse. In euthymic BD group, the blood level of IL-6 was negatively associated with the level of emotional neglect, physical neglect and total childhood trauma score. The level of physical neglect was correlated with WCST more preservative errors and less completed categories. After controlling body mass index, the above association was still significant or borderline significant.
Among BD group neuroimaging analyses, the level of physical neglect was negatively correlated with left-caudate-seed FC to the frontoparietal network, including the right supramarginal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, right middle frontal gyrus, and right superior parietal lobule. The level of emotional neglect was negatively correlated with left-caudate-seed FC to the right middle frontal gyrus. And the left-caudate-seed FCs to the frontoparietal network were positively correlated with WCST performance.
Conclusion: The specific impacts of childhood neglect on executive function, brain connectivity and inflammation in the BD population merit further investigation.

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