台灣位於雨量豐沛的亞熱帶地區，但因山勢險峻且河川短促，雨水無法保存，因此經年仰賴水庫蓄水功能。近年受到全球氣候變遷影響，以致颱風頻繁形成，而颱風所帶來豪大雨將集水區上游之泥沙沖刷至水庫，使得水庫原水濁度飆升。例如2009年莫拉克颱風就曾重創南化水庫，使原水濁度飆升達70,000 NTU，導致淨水場停止供水，除了影響民生用水及工業用水，也造成嚴重的經濟損失。在這種水中膠體顆粒數量多的情況下，除了增加淨水設備負荷，處理過後所產生之大量沉澱污泥亦成為目前淨水場所面臨之挑戰。
台灣淨水場常以多元氯化鋁作為混凝劑處理低濁度原水，當原水濁度飆升時則須添加大量混凝劑，以符合出水水質之要求。先前研究指出，額外添加高分子凝集劑有助於水中膠體顆粒的沉降，可提升濁度去除效果，但因聚合物中殘留單體之毒性，使用上必須符合我國飲用水相關法規之規範。為提供淨水場於高濁度期間有一套緊急應變處理方法，以縮短限水時限，本研究主要針對快速減少水中之膠體顆粒物及處理後所產生之污泥量為處理目標，使用無機鹽類搭配高分子凝集劑，於實驗室進行瓶杯試驗，分析並探討結果。
使用無機鹽混凝劑處理高濁度原水，實驗結果以氯化鐵處理效果較佳，可有效降低水中之膠體顆粒。以有機高分子凝集劑處理高濁度原水，濁度去除效果較無機鹽類差，但卻發現陰離子型之聚丙烯醯胺 (PAM)其濁度去除速率甚快，且產生較少量之沉澱污泥。而在混合系統中，使用無機鹽類搭配高分子凝集劑處理效果優於單獨使用無機鹽混凝劑，並以氯化鐵搭配陰離子型之聚丙烯醯胺有最佳濁度去除效果及最少沉澱污泥量。於此系統下，添加高分子凝集劑可有效減少無機鹽類之使用量，進而大幅減少污泥體積。
由前述混合系統中之最佳組合方式 (無機鹽混凝劑搭配陰離子型之PAM)，探討加藥順序對此系統之影響。結果顯示加藥順序以先加入陰離子型之PAM，而後添加無機鹽混凝劑有最佳之濁度去除效果及最少之沉澱污泥量。

Although the mean annual rainfall of Taiwan is about 2,500 mm, the seasonal distribution is very uneven. Further, the rivers are short and steep. It is difficult to abstract water directly from river for public water supply. Therefore, reservoirs are built for water storage. Recently, changes in global climate result in frequent formation of typhoon with heavy rainfall, which cause landslide and bring sediments of upstream catchment area to reservoirs. For example, in 2009, Typhoon Morakot caused severe damages to southern Taiwan. The water supply to part of the area was suspended for up to a week. This was caused partly by the extremely high turbidity (over 70,000 NTU) of raw water from Nanhua Reservoir, which was over the capacity of water treatment facilities. The handling of large amount of sludge produced during high turbidity period was also a challenge to the water works.
In this study, series of jar tests with synthetic high turbidity water were conducted to look into the effect of polymers, as coagulant-aid, on enhancing the settling rate of floc and also the consolidation rate of the sludge produced. First, inorganic coagulants, namely polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and ferric chloride, were used as the sole coagulant. Next, polymers, with various compositions and characteristics, and were approved by the government for drinking water treatment, were also tested as the sole coagulant. Finally, inorganic coagulants coupled with polymer were tested. In addition to the measurement of residual turbidity of the supernatant after jar tests, the height of the solid-liquid interface when the coagulated waters were settling in an Imhoff Cone was recorded under various time.
The results show that either PACl or ferric chloride, as sole coagulant, could effectively remove the high turbidity (about 4600 NTU) of the synthetic source water, and the performance of ferric chloride was superior to that of PACl. However, high dosages were needed for both coagulants. When polymers were used as sole coagulants, turbidity removal was not as good as that of inorganic coagulants. However, anionic polyacrylamide was found to form floc with highest settling velocity and also the lowest sludge volume. The performance of the inorganic coagulant coupled with polymer was superior to that of the sole coagulant system. The adding of small dosage of polymer could effectively reduce the amount of inorganic coagulant required, and, also the volume of the sludge produced. Among the dual coagulant system, ferric chloride coupled with anionic polyacrylamide had the best performance for both residual turbidity and sludge volume. The order of adding chemicals affects the removal of turbidity and sludge volume in dual-system. It is better to add polymer (anionic PAM) before inorganic coagulant.

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