近年來因應氣候變遷與能源轉型需求，各國積極發展再生能源。臺灣在淨零碳排政策推動下擴大再生能源發展，其中太陽光電因技術成熟且建置彈性高，成為重要能源選項。隨著政策推動，「農地種電」模式逐漸出現，然實際推動過程亦衍生多項土地利用與農業發展問題，使農地光電設置區位之合宜性評估成為重要研究課題。
地理資訊系統常結合多準則決策分析方法，整合環境與空間因子進行資源潛勢與場址合宜性評估。本研究以臺南市為研究區域，整合農地重要性、地表水體、坡度、年降雨量及太陽日射量等因子，進行標準化分級與加權整合，建立農地光電設置之合宜性分布圖，並以108–112年農地光電案場資料進行空間比對驗證。此外，為貼近實際開發情境，進一步納入長期休耕農地進行發電潛力推估，以評估低利用強度土地之光電發展潛力，並透過經濟指標分析其經濟可行性，與傳統農業收益進行比較。
研究結果顯示，農地光電設置合宜性呈現西高東低之空間趨勢。西側平原因坡度低、日射量高且水體影響較小，多屬高合宜區；東側丘陵山區則因坡度較陡、降雨量高及日射量較低，整體合宜性偏低。與實際案場位置比對顯示多數案場集中於中高合宜區，與評估結果相似。在發電潛力方面，長期休耕農地於未設開發門檻下之潛在發電量約為74.4億度電/年，約占全市用電需求22.5%，顯示其具備再生能源供給潛力。在經濟分析方面，多數專案投資回收期約為20年，部分案場因土地成本偏高而延長回收期；傳統農業利潤雖低但具備穩定收益，兩者在收益時間結構上呈現明顯差異。
綜合而言，農地光電設置區位受氣候環境條件、土地利用型態與經濟結構之綜合影響，納入休耕農地情境分析，可有效辨識具潛力之設置區位，並作為未來農地光電規劃與土地利用管理之重要參考。

In response to climate change and the global energy transition, renewable energy development has been widely promoted in recent years. In Taiwan, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have become a key energy option owing to their technological maturity and flexible deployment. With policy support, agrivoltaics has emerged as an approach integrating agricultural land use with renewable energy generation, though it also raises concerns regarding land-use conflicts and agricultural sustainability, making spatial-appropriateness assessments essential. This study applies Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multi-attribute decision analysis (MADM) to evaluate the spatial appropriateness of agrivoltaic installations in Tainan City, Taiwan. Key factors—including farmland importance, surface water proximity, slope, annual rainfall, and solar radiation—were standardized and integrated to generate a appropriateness map. Existing agrivoltaic projects (2019–2023) were spatially validated. Long-term fallow farmland was further incorporated to estimate potential power generation, and economic indicators were applied to assess financial feasibility and compared the returns with traditional agriculture.
Results show higher appropriateness in the western plains and lower appropriateness in the eastern hilly regions. Most existing projects are located in medium-to-high appropriateness zones, this is consistent with the evaluation results. Long-term fallow farmland could theoretically generate approximately 7.44 billion kWh per year, accounting for about 22.5% of Tainan’s electricity demand. Economic analysis indicates that most projects require around 20 years for payback, with longer periods associated with higher costs. In contrast, traditional Agriculture provides stable but lower annual returns. Overall, agrivoltaic appropriateness is shaped by environmental conditions, land-use characteristics and economic factors. Incorporating fallow farmland scenarios helps identify high-potential areas and supports future agrivoltaic planning and land-use management.

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