隨著網絡科技的發展，線上購物已經成為未來零售市場的一大趨勢。電子商務高速發展的同時，也將線上購物平台及其運行模式帶來了質的發展。在現今層出不窮的購物應用程式中，做好應用程式與用戶之間的溝通和交流對於電商平台至關重要。另一方面，互聯網用戶已經從傳統的功能需求轉向交互體驗的高度需求上來。
此外，在過去的使用性分析中缺乏系統的整體性，難以對購物應用程序的使用性進行全面的評價。而QUIM模型是一個全面且系統的使用質量綜合測量模型，因為它是基於以前的工作和模型來整合的綜合測量模型。故本研究應用QUIM模型和層級-灰色關聯分析法（AHP-GRA）對購物應用程式進行使用性分析。並從數據收集、分析和整合三個階段對三款應用程式提出了使用性問題和建議。數據收集階段主要是實驗一的前期準備及實驗二的使用性測試，數據分析主要是採用了AHP-GRA，數據整合則採用了三角測量模型的方式。
本研究在實驗一中構建了關於購物應用程式之特點的QUIM模型。通過相關評估人員的評分以及AHP的計算，得出了主要影響購物應用程式的QUIM因素為：安全性（21.66％）＞有用性（19.75％）＞有效性（12.76％）＞信任（10.48％）＞生產率（9.49％）＞易學性（9.48％）＞滿意度（8.53％）＞效率（7.85％）。此外，還構建了一個「信任」和「安全性」量表，該量表的Cronbach’s α=0.91，量表總解釋變異量達78.14％。該量表不僅通過了信效度的檢驗，還通過了項目分析及相關性分析，表明了該量表是一份完整且規範的量表問卷。而另外的6個QUIM因素則通過任務完成時間、任務完成率、任務基本效率和USE使用性量表進行測量。
實驗二是採用了績效測量、問卷調查、行為觀察和半結構式訪談的方法對中國市場上主流的三款購物應用程式進行使用性測試。隨後，運用AHP-GRA對績效測量和問卷調查收集的數據進行計算。最終，得到三款購物應用程式的使用性總關聯度為γ1=0.451，γ2=0.371，γ3=0.960，可知第三款應用程式的使用性表現為最優。
數據整合過程中，從實驗樣本的排名情況、行為記錄分析和訪談結果分析的三個角度分析線上購物應用程式的介面使用性問題和提出設計建議。此階段總結了28個主要的使用性問題和設計建議，並建議研究人員優先考慮權重較高的QUIM因素中的使用性問題。
總的來說，本研究主要成果有以下三點：一是指出了現階段中國主流的購物應用程式存在的使用性問題，並提出了相關的設計建議。二是構建了一個關於購物應用程式之特點的QUIM模型及測量方法。三是提供了一種將QUIM模型與AHP-GRA結合的評估方法，該方法可快速且系統地對應用程式方案進行評估與決策。

With the development of network technology, online shopping has become a major trend in the future retail market. The rapid development of e-commerce have brought qualitative development for online shopping platforms and their operating modes. In today's endlessly emerging shopping applications, good communication and exchanges between the application and users are crucial for e-commerce platforms. On the other hand, Internet users have shifted from traditional functional requirements to high levels of interactive experience.
In addition, in the past usability analysis, it is difficult to make a comprehensive evaluation of the usability of shopping applications since lack of system integrity. The QUIM model is a comprehensive and systematic comprehensive measurement model of the quality of use, because it is a comprehensive measurement model based on the integration of previous work and models. Therefore, this study uses QUIM model and hierarchical-grey correlation analysis (AHP-GRA) to analyze the usability of shopping applications. And then put forward usability problems and suggestions for the three applications from the three stages of data collection, analysis and integration. The data collection stage is mainly the preliminary preparation of experiment one and the usability test of experiment two. The data analysis mainly adopts AHP-GRA, and the data integration adopts the method of triangulation model.
This study constructs a QUIM model about the characteristics of shopping applications in Experiment 1. Through the scores of relevant evaluators and the calculation of AHP, it is concluded that the QUIM factors that mainly affect shopping applications are the following: Safety (21.66%)> Usefulness (19.75%)> Effectiveness (12.76%)> Trustfulness (10.48%) > Productivity (9.49%)> Learnability (9.48%)> Satisfaction (8.53%)> Efficiency (7.85%). In addition, a " trustfulness" and "safety" scale are created. The scale of Cronbach’s α=0.91, and the total explained variation of the scale reaches 78.14%. The scale not only passes the reliability and validity test, but also passes the item analysis and correlation analysis, indicating that the scale is a complete and standardized questionnaire. The other 6 QUIM factors are measured by task completion time, task completion rate, task basic efficiency and USE usability scale.
The second experiment is to adopt performance measurement, questionnaire survey, behavior observation and semi-structured interviews to test the usability of three mainstream shopping applications in the Chinese market. Then, AHP-GRA was used to calculate the data collected in performance measurement and questionnaire surveys. Finally, the total relevance of the usability of the three shopping applications is γ1=0.451, γ2=0.371, and γ3=0.960, showing the usability of the third application as the best.
In data integration, the analysis is made from the ranking of experimental samples, the analysis of behavior records, and the analysis of interview results for the interface usability issues of online shopping applications and then design suggestions come out. This stage has been summarized 28 main usability issues and design suggestions and recommended that researchers give priority to usability issues in the QUIM factor with higher weight.
In general, this research come out three main results. First is to point out the usability problems of mainstream shopping applications in China at this stage, and puts forward relevant design suggestions. The second is to create a QUIM model and measurement method about the characteristics of shopping applications. The third is to provide an evaluation method that combines the QUIM model with AHP-GRA, which can quickly and systematically evaluate and make decisions on application programs.

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