零擔貨物運輸(less-than truckload, LTL)以件計價，透過軸輻式網路降低營運成本，提高貨車使用率。此種產業主要在雙占的競爭市場下營運。各家路線貨運業者在長期規劃的中繼站選擇 (hub location)，都會受到其他競爭者的決策做出反應。本研究是站在領導者的角度，以Stackelberg主從式賽局模式討論路線貨運業在雙占競爭市場下決定運價以及中繼站區位。同時，探討領導者如何利用本身較大的服務區域，將跟隨者逼退市場，達到長期市場獨佔的機會。經由本研究案例分析的結果顯示，領導者使用逼退策略會壓低定價，雖然最後利潤可能比競爭策略的結果來的低，但使跟隨者沒有利潤，此結果可使跟隨者退出市場，而最終領導者有機會獨佔整個市場。

Less-than truckload carriers collect small parcels from various shippers. They build a hub-and-spoke network to reduce the operational cost by increasing the truckloads. LTL industry typically consists of a handful of carriers. A carrier’s long-term hub network design may be influenced by the decisions of other carriers. In this research we study the integrated pricing and hub network design under Stackelberg duopolistic leader-follower game. We showed that the leader may exercise the spatial agglomeration economy to drive the follower to operational break even without profits. Even though the leader may sacrifice his profit, he may gain a monopolistic power, if the follower exit the market.

中文部分：
1.林嵩然，「路線貨物運輸業需求不確定性載運規畫問題之研究」，國立成功大學交通管理科學系碩士論文，民國92年。

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