本研究以微波輔助水熱法合成氧化鎳(NiO)之前驅物，再經由煅燒得NiO，並探討其晶體結構、表面形貌、微結構、比表面積及表面化學成分與鍵結。以合成出的NiO粉末製作成p型染料敏化太陽能電池(p-DSCs)之光電極並組裝成電池，探討NiO粉末球磨處理、光電極厚度、光電極製作方式及添加鋰離子(Li+)對光電極之紫外光-可見光吸收度、染料吸附量、電池效率及光電轉換效率的影響。
在合成NiO粉末的部分，藉由改變微波水熱條件，我們可得到不同形貌之NiO，主要有棒狀、花狀與片狀，顆粒大小有微米級與奈米級尺寸，其皆為多晶結構且為中孔型材料。應用於p-DSCs上，發現將NiO粉末經球磨處理可使顆粒較小且均勻，故光電極品質較好，且綜合效率量測數據來看，本實驗合成出的NiO之最佳膜厚約2 μm；另外，若以兩階段製備，即塗佈第一層後進行燒結，再塗佈第二層並進行第二次燒結，由於提升了電荷收集效率，故得到較高之短路電流與電池效率；此外，我們還於配製漿料時添加Li+，使得電阻率降低、載子濃度提升，但也造成了染料吸附量變少，結果顯示1 at.% Li+為最佳添加量，得到的電池效率為0.039%，最大光電轉換效率為13.8%。

In this study, the precursors of NiO were obtained by microwave-assisted hydrothermal preparation, and NiO were gotten by calcination followed. The resulting NiO were investigated its characteristics included phase compositions, morphologies, microstructures, specific surface area and surface compositions and chemical states. Selected NiO were used as p-type electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and to discuss the effects of ball milling pre-treatment, the thickness of the photoelectrodes, the preparation of the photoelectrodes and adding the lithium ion.
The obtained NiO with different morphology and size could be controlled by changing the reaction condition. All of the rod, flower and sheet micro-and nano-particles are polycrystalline and mesoporous materials. On the other hand, the selected NiO was pre-treated by ball milling and the photoelectrode with 2μm was prepared in two steps, then the performances of DSC were better. Furthermore, adding 1 at.% Li+ in the NiO paste, a cell efficiency of 0.039% and a highest IPCE of 13.8% were obtained.

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