臺灣水文特性上受地形與氣候影響、乾濕季分明，降雨時空分配不均，地面水無法有效之蓄存，均直接排入大海中，因此地下水成為臺灣重要的水資源之一，更是緊急供水的最佳來源，而如何有效管理地下水便成為水資源經營管理重要課題，本研究主要探討影響屏東平原地下水位區域的主要因子，透過主成分分析法(PCA)，將區域地下水位變動主因逆推出來，並配合比對各資料圖資，以提供有效管理地下水資源參考。
本研究選用屏東平原作為研究區域，屏東平原流域組成較為複雜，主要由多條河流組成，並包括這些河流所形成的多個沖積扇，包含荖濃扇、隘寮扇、林邊扇等，為了解其影響地下水水位之因子，本研究利用主成分分析法(PCA)，對屏東平原2015年至2019年的月平均地下水位進行分析，過程中運用萃取前三個主成分因素與當地水文現象、地質環境以及人為活動等水環境特性進行對比，找出影響屏東平原第一含水層(L1)及第二含水層(L2)的前三個變動主因。
從研究結果指出，影響屏東平原第一含水層地下水位的第一主成分(L1-PC1)是來自於靠近高屏溪中下游的雨量及河川流量的自然補注，第二主成分(L1-PC2)主要來自於美濃及其他地區的人為抽取，第三主成分(L1-PC3)則來自於扇頂及扇央交界處附近出現的湧泉影響。影響屏東平原第二含水層的第一主成分(L2-PC1)來自於屏東平原中上游以及山區的降雨補注，第二主成分(L2-PC2)則與第一含水層的第三主成分一樣受到湧泉噴發的影響，第三主成分(L2-PC3)來自於溪埔以及林邊溪下游地區的人為抽取。
本研究顯示影響屏東平原地下水位場域的主要因子包括平原區之扇頂區域的降雨與河川的自然補注，而次要因子則是湧泉湧出以及人為抽取而影響的水位變動，並且證明主成分分析法為分析水位地可靠方法之一。

The geographic location and the terrain of Taiwan cause uneven distribution of rainfall and difficulties to retain groundwater. As a result, how to manage and make good usage of groundwater resources are important issues in Taiwan. This study adopted the method of principle component analysis (PCA) to find out the main factors which influenced the groundwater level, hoping to facilitate the management of groundwater resources in Pingtung Plain, Taiwan.
This study selected the Pingtung Plain as the research area. The drainage basin of the Pingtung Plain is complex which consists of multiple rivers, and these rivers form multiple alluvial fans, including Laonong fan, Ailiao fan and Linbian fan and so on.
The method of principle component analysis (PCA) was first used to analyze the monthly average groundwater level of Pingtung Plain from 2015 to 2019. Next, this study compared the first three main components with local hydrological phenomena, geological environment and human activities to identify the first three main factors which influenced the groundwater level in the first aquifer(L1) and the second aquifer(L2) of the Pingtung Plain.
According to the results, in first aquifer of Pingtung Plain, the first main factor(L1-PC1) which influenced the groundwater level is the factor of natural recharge which is from the rainfall and the river flow near the midstream and the downstream of the Gaoping River. The second main factor(L1-PC2) is the factor of artificial pumping in Meinung area and Kanting area . The third main factor(L1-PC3) is the factor of spring from area between the fan-top and fan-central of the Pingtung Plain and the fan-tail of the Ailiao fan. In second aquifer of Pingtung Plain, the first main factor(L2-PC1) which influenced the groundwater level is the factor of rainfall located in the middle and the upstream of the Gaoping River in the Pingtung Plain and mountain region. The second main factor(L2-PC2) is same as the third main factor which is the factor of spring in the fan-tail of the Ailiao fan and the area between the fan-top and the fan-central of the Pingtung Plain. The third main factor(L2-PC3) is the factor of artificial pumping in Xipu area and downstream area of Linbian River.
This study also pointed out that the main factors influencing the groundwater level field of Pingtung Plain are included the rainfall and the river flow from the top of the alluvial fan, and that the secondary factors are included the artificial pumping and the spring.

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