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研究生：	張家憲 Chang, Chia-hsien
論文名稱：	各種特殊中孔洞碳材合成方法之研究 Study on Synthetic Methods of Mesoporous Carbons for Various Potential Applications
指導教授：	林弘萍 Lin, Hong-ping
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	理學院 - 化學系 Department of Chemistry
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	89
中文關鍵詞：	中孔洞碳材、金屬氧化物、碳材複合物
外文關鍵詞：	carbon composites, metal oxides, mesoporous carbons
相關次數：	點閱：105 下載：32
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孔洞性碳材因為具有廣泛的應用性，如吸附劑、固態模板、催化擔體及電極材料等，所以引起許多研究的關注。本研究以具有高表面積(900~1500 m2g-1)與大的孔洞體積(1.0~2.0 cm3g-1)之中孔洞碳材為原料，利用獨創及簡單合成方法，合成各種特殊用途之中孔洞碳材。
首先，以中孔洞碳材當固態模板，含浸各種金屬前驅物，因為中孔洞碳材的存在，金屬前驅物被限制於孔道間，經過高溫煅燒，移除碳材並提昇金屬氧化物之結晶度，最後生成高結晶度、大表面積與孔體積的中孔洞金屬氧化物孔洞材料。
此外，將中孔洞碳材含浸硝酸鐵、硝酸鎳、硝酸鈷等金屬前驅物，再利用(1)氮氣環境下高溫金屬催化碳材石墨化或(2)以化學氣相沉積方式，在碳材表面生長碳管，增加碳材導電度，以利於發展導電及電容材料方面之應用。
最後，碳材中加入鐵、鈷、鎳等金屬前驅物，微波照射下生成鐵、鈷、鎳等金屬顆粒，形成磁性中孔洞碳材；加入鈦的前驅物，微波照射高溫反應下形成氧化鈦/碳材複合體。除此之外，碳材中加入鈦的前驅物及尿素，經由微波照射及鍛燒方式，生成具有吸收可見光能力之微黃色氧化鈦粉末(N-doped TiO2)。

Porous carbons with high surface area, large porosity and good electric conductivity are of great interest for its extensive applications, such as adsorbents, solid templates, catalytic supports or raw materials of electric conduction and electric capacity. In this study we present novel synthetic methods based on the mesoporous carbons to fabricate other metal and metal oxide@mesoporous carbons, mesoporous metal oxides for various potential applications.
First, we used the mesoporous carbons as solid template, by impregnating various metal precursors into the mesopores of the carbon. The metal ions or metal alkoxides was adsorbed and confined in the nanochannels of the mesoporous carbons. Then, a high-temperature calcination at 600–700oC was used to remove the carbon templates and enhance the crystallization degree. Therefore, the mesoporous metal oxides with high surface area, large pore volume and high crystalline have been efficiently prepared.
Secondly, the mesoporous carbons was impregnated with the Fe(NO3)3, Ni(NO3)2 or Co(NO3)2 salt, and then treated under different two atmosphere: (1) heated at 1000 oC under N2 to increase the graphite extent of carbons; (2) heated at 700oC under C2H2/H2 environment for chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes anchored on the mesoporous carbon spheres. These two treatment procedures can enhance the electric conduction of the mesoporous carbons to extend the applications of the electric conduction and electric capacity.
In addition to the thermal treatments aforementioned, we used a fast and high-efficiency method to generate the metal or metal oxides@carbons by using microwave radiation as heating source. The Fe, Co or Ni precursors containing mesoporous carbon were subsequently exposed to an microwave oven for 5–10 min. The mesoporous carbon materials containing magnetic nanoparticles were quickly synthesized. Extending this method, we can also obtain the anatase-TiO2/Carbon composites from a fast microwave radiation of the TiO2 precursor@mesoporous carbon. To incorporate the nitrogen into the TiO2 framework, the mixture of carbons, TiO2 precursor and urea was directly exposed to microwave radiation, and then calcined at 600–700oC. The light yellow N-doped TiO2 powders which could absorb visible light were easily produced.

第一章  緒論	1
	1.1 孔洞材料介紹	1
      1.1.1 中孔洞碳材(Mesoporous Carbon)簡介	1
	1.2多孔性碳材的製造	2
	1.2.1 模板法製造多孔性碳材	2
	1.2.2 高分子混掺方式合成中孔洞碳材	4
	1.3 奈米金屬氧化物的簡介	5
	1.4 奈米碳管的簡介	7
      1.4.1 起源	7
1.4.2 奈米碳管的結構	9
1.4.3 奈米碳管的合成	10
1.5金屬/碳材及金屬氧化物/碳材複合材料的簡介	11
1.6 微波構造與原理	12
    1.6.1 關於微波	12
    1.6.2 關於微波加熱	13
1.6.3 化學反應方面的用途	14
1.7 研究動機與目的	14
1.7.1 金屬氧化物	14
1.7.2 高度石墨化中孔洞碳材	15
1.7.3 金屬或金屬氧化物/碳材複合材料	15
第二章   實驗部份	17
	2.1 化學藥品	17
	2.2中孔洞碳材的合成方法	18
		2.2.1利用高分子混掺法合成中孔洞碳材之合成步驟	18
	2.3各式特殊碳材的合成方法	19
2.3.1金屬氧化物之合成步驟	19
2.3.2高度石墨化碳材之合成步驟	20
2.3.3海膽狀碳材之合成步驟	20
2.3.4金屬或金屬氧化物/碳材複合材料之合成步驟	21
	2.4 產物的鑑定	22
		2.4.1穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)	22
		2.4.2氮氣等溫吸附/脫附測量	22
		2.4.3熱重分析儀 (TGA )	24
		2.4.4 X-射線粉末繞射光譜 (PXRD)	25
		2.4.5掃描式電子顯微鏡 (SEM)	26
    2.4.6拉曼光譜 (Raman)	26
第三章   中孔洞碳材應用於合成金屬氧化物	27
3.1 研究動機及目的	27
3.2實驗結果與討論	28
3.2.1氧化鎂(Magnesium Oxide；MgO)	28
3.2.2氧化鋁(Aluminum Oxide；Al2O3)	31
3.2.3氧化鈰(Cerium dioxide；CeO2)	35
3.2.4氧化鈦(Titanium Oxide；TiO2)	38
3.2.5氧化鐵(Iron(III) Oxide；Fe2O3)	40
3.3結論	42


第四章 合成高度石墨化中孔洞碳材之研究	43
	4.1 研究動機與目的	43
   4.2實驗結果與討論	44
      4.2.1氮氣環境下金屬催化碳材石墨化	44
        (1)改變硝酸鐵與碳材的重量比所合成出的碳材	44
(2)改變硝酸鎳與碳材的重量比所合成出的碳材	47
(3)改變硝酸鈷與碳材的重量比所合成出的碳材	49
(4)結論	51
      4.2.2以化學氣相沉積法於碳材表面生長碳管	52
(1)改變硝酸鎳與碳材的重量比所合成出的碳材	52
(2)改變硝酸鐵與碳材的重量比所合成出的碳材	54
(3)改變硝酸鈷與碳材的重量比所合成出的碳材	56
(4)改變硝酸銅與碳材的重量比所合成出的?58
(5)結論	61
第五章   合成金屬或金屬氧化物/碳材複合材料之研究	62
5.1 研究動機與目的	62
    5.2 實驗結果與討論	63
      5.2.1磁性中孔洞碳材	63
(1)鐵/中孔洞碳材複合體之合成	63
(2)鎳/中孔洞碳材複合體之合成	65
(3)鈷/中孔洞碳材複合體之合成	66
(4)磁性測試及應用	68
      5.2.2銀/中孔洞碳材複合體	69
      5.2.3氧化鈦/碳材複合體	71
(1)氧化鈦/中孔洞碳材複合體	71
(2)氧化鈦/奈米碳管複合體	72
5.3 Nitrogen-Doped TiO2 中孔洞材料	74
      5.3.1一步合成方法	76
(1)改變尿素添加量	76
(2)改變微波照射強度及時間	78
    5.3.2兩步合成方法	80
(1)高強度微波照射	80
(2)中度微波照射	82
5.3.3 結論	83

  
第六章   總結	84
參考文獻	86
                                    

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校內：2009-07-16公開
校外：2009-07-16公開

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