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研究生: 周承宏
Zhou, Cheng-Hong
論文名稱: 人力發電產品之生命週期評析與產品開發策略
Life Cycle Assessment and Product Development Strategy of Human-Powered Products
指導教授: 施勵行
Shih, Li-Hsing
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 資源工程學系
Department of Resources Engineering
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 157
中文關鍵詞: 人力發電產品生命週期評析願付價格產品開發策略
外文關鍵詞: Human-Powered Product, Life Cycle Assessment, Willingness To Pay, Product Development Strategy
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  • 工業革命以來,全球的溫室氣體增加速度日益加劇,連帶著產生許多環境議題,如飢荒、水災、疾病等等。為了減少化石燃料的消耗,能源採集(Energy Harvesting)當中的人力發電是一種可行的方式,由於一般人普遍認為人力發電是一種乾淨且永續的能源,因此本研究將使用生命週期評析進行探討人力發電產品與傳統產品對環境的影響,接著再運用聯合分析法測量消費者對人力發電產品的屬性偏好與願付價格(Willingness To Pay),進而研擬出人力發電產品之開發策略。
    本研究選擇人力發電行動電源與一般行動電源進行生命週期評析,範疇包括原料、製程、使用及廢棄階段。在使用情境模擬(比較溫室氣體排放)下,一般的行動電源在每日充電一次(1440mAh)的情況下,使用173天後其總溫室氣體排放將會開始高於一般人力發電行動電源;451天後其總溫室氣體排放將會開始高於高效率人力發電行動電源。在使用情境模擬(比較環境衝擊)下,使用496天後其總環境衝擊將會開始高於一般人力發電行動電源;777天後其總環境衝擊將會開始高於高效率人力發電行動電源。在消費者對人力發電行動電源屬性偏好的部分,得知消費者最重視的依序為價格 (44.47%)、效率 (38.46%)、溫室氣體排放 (9.97%)、重量 (5.92%)以及施力方式 (1.17%)。在產品開發策略方面,須考慮到在提升效率時,製造高效率發電機所增加的成本是否低於目標消費者對於效率提升所願意付出的價格,像是男性族群、30歲以下族群以及高環境意識的族群都對效率具有較高的願付價格,這些消費者對產品的屬性偏好與願付價格可做為未來產品開發策略之參考。

    In order to reduce fossil fuel consumption, energy from human power is a viable option. Energy from human power is a clean, sustainable and environmentally friendly. This study will focus on the life cycle assessment followed by conjoint analysis the consumers preferences for attributes of human-powered products. The scenarios of Mobile Power Bank (MPB) for greenhouse emission, the general mobile power bank based on charging 1440 mAh per day started to increase after 173 and 451 days when it is compared to normal efficiency human-powered mobile power bank and high efficiency human-powered mobile power bank. In the case of environmental impact, the general mobile power bank started to exceed after 496 and 777 days compared to normal efficiency human-powered mobile power bank and high efficiency human-powered mobile power bank. For consumers preference attributes of human-powered mobile power bank, the consumers maximum attention to the price (44.47%) and in efficiency (38.46%) respectively. By increasing generator efficiency can be increased cost, the cost must be lower than consumers’ willingness to pay. In instance, the male, under 30 years old, and the high environmental awareness groups are higher willingness to pay for efficiency.

    目錄 摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 VII 目錄 VIII 表目錄 X 圖目錄 XI 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 研究背景與動機 1 1-2 研究目的 3 1-3 研究流程 4 第二章 文獻回顧 6 2-1 人力發電技術與應用 6 2-1-1 人力發電技術 7 2-1-2 人力發電技術發展、效率及未來技術 10 2-1-3 人力發電產品及應用方向 18 2-2 生命週期評析(Life Cycle Assessment) 21 2-2-1 生命週期評析方法 21 2-2-2 人力發電產品與生命週期評析 23 2-3 聯合分析法(Conjoint Analysis) 25 2-3-1 聯合分析法的概念與發展 25 2-3-2 聯合分析法分析過程 25 2-3-3 聯合分析與願付價格 31 第三章 生命週期評析 32 3-1 目標範疇界定與功能單位 32 3-2 產品原料階段 33 3-3 產品製程階段 37 3-4 廢棄處置階段 37 3-5 生命週期評析(原料、製程及廢棄) 38 3-6 使用情境模擬(使用階段) 39 3-7 包含使用階段之LCA 44 3-8 生命週期成本 (Life Cycle Cost) 49 第四章 聯合分析法與產品策略 50 4-1 建立屬性與水準值 50 4-1-1 建立屬性 50 4-1-2 建立水準值 52 4-1-3 問卷設計 58 4-2 問卷樣本資料分析 59 4-3 聯合分析結果 60 4-3-1 全體消費者偏好分析 60 4-3-2 全體消費者願付價差 63 4-3-3 年齡、性別、運動習慣及環境意識分群 64 4-3-4 小結 86 第五章 結論與建議 89 5-1 生命週期評析結論 89 5-2 產品策略分析結論 90 5-3 建議 93 參考文獻 94 附錄一 市面上的人力發電產品種類 106 附錄二 小米行動電源與人力發電手電筒拆解 134 附錄三 人力發電產品生命週期評析 138 附錄四 問卷 152 表目錄 表2-1 人力發電方式及產生電力 7 表3-1 一般行動電源材料組成表 34 表3-2 一般人力發電行動電源組成表 36 表3-4 行動電源之溫室氣體排放 38 表3-5 行動電源之環境衝擊 39 表3-6 AC to DC變壓器效率 41 表3-7 DC to DC轉換器效率 42 表3-9 台灣電力公司2013年淨發購電量比例 43 表3-10行動電源生命週期衝擊(kg CO2e) 46 表3-11 行動電源生命週期衝擊(Pt) 47 表4-1 人力行動電源屬性水準值 57 表4-2 敘述性統計表 59 表4-3 人力發電行動電源成份效用值分析 61 表4-4 人力發電行動電源願付價差 63 表4-5性別分群之成份效用值分析 65 表4-6 性別分群之人力發電行動電源願付價差 69 表4-7 年齡分群之成份效用值分析 70 表4-8年齡分群之人力發電行動電源願付價差 74 表4-9 每週運動時間分群之成份效用值分析 75 表4-10每週運動時間分群之人力發電行動電源願付價差 79 表4-11 環境意識分群之成份效用值分析 81 表4-12環境意識分群之人力發電行動電源願付價差 85 圖目錄 圖1-1 研究流程圖 5 圖2-1 電動機結構圖 8 圖2-2 Eco-indicator 99 衝擊評估流程圖 23 圖2-3 聯合分析的決策流程 28 圖3-2 電力流向及轉換效率估計圖 41 圖3-2 行動電源生命週期衝擊(kg CO2e) 45 圖3-3 行動電源生命週期衝擊(Pt) 47 圖4-1 人力發電行動電源成份效用值變化折線圖 62 圖4-2 性別分群之相對重要權重比較 66 圖4-3 性別分群之成份效用值變化折線圖 68 圖4-4 年齡分群之相對重要權重比較 71 圖4-5 年齡分群之成份效用值變化折線圖 73 圖4-6 每週運動時間分群之相對重要權重比較 76 圖4-7 每週運動時間分群之成份效用值變化折線圖 78 圖4-8 環境意識分群之相對重要權重比較 82 圖4-9 環境意識分群之成份效用值變化折線圖 84

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