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研究生: 陳彥彰
Chen, Yen-Chang
論文名稱: 即時行程轉移在多處理器晶片非一致性共享記憶體之實作
The implementation of real-time process migration on NUMA shared memory in multi-processor system-on-chip
指導教授: 楊中平
Young, Chung-Ping
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 資訊工程學系
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
論文出版年: 2010
畢業學年度: 98
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 97
中文關鍵詞: 多核心嵌入式作業系統MicroC/OS-II工作遷移排程
外文關鍵詞: Multi-processors, Embedded system, MicroC/OS-II, Process migration, Scheduling policy
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  • 在現代系統越來越強調大量運算、多媒體的整合和穩固的通訊功能,單核心處理器已不敷需求。目前普遍的解決方法是透過多顆核心處理器來滿足大量運算的需求,而多顆核心處理器的使用也越來越普遍。在多核心中,尤其是異質型的多核心處理器更為熱門,因為把不同的工作適當分配給異質型處理器中不同類型的處理器可以達到更好的處理器利用度。不只是在個人電腦,在嵌入式系統中,多顆核心處理器也越來越受歡迎,其低功率、低耗能和高效能更為符合嵌入式系統的需求。所以在目前多核心的研究中,如何有效的利用每顆處理器變成一個熱門的議題。在此篇論文中,我們在多核心中搭載了多個核心 (MicroC/OS-II),並且實作了核心間的行程搬移機制(migration mechanism),打破了MicroC/OS-II常有的在不同核心中應用程式之不可分享性,使得各個核心中的應用程式可以互相分享執行。並在最後,我們實作了一套排程的政策(scheduling policy)來驗證我們的行程搬移機制的有效性並且評估了此政策對整個系統效能的提升。並且在實驗中我們評估的結果可以使系統效率提升19%。

    Today, computer systems need high computing power, multimedia integration and reliable communication functionality. Single processor may not satisfy these requirements. In general, the solution is using multi-processors to overcome these requirements. Especially, heterogeneous processors are more popular on multi-core, because system can dispatch suitable process to suitable processor for high processor utilization. Not only to personal computers but also the requirements of embedded system multi-processors provide low power consumption and high performance. Now, how to increase processors utilization becomes an important issue. In this paper, we implement a multi-kernel system on a multiprocessors environment, and in order to alleviate the system load we ported kernels (MicroC/OS-II) in our system. We implement process migration mechanism, based on this mechanism we can perform process migration between kernels, so we break the constraint of applications sharing between kernels. Finally, we implement a global scheduling policy to verify the process migration mechanism. Basing the policy, we also evaluate the system performance, and in our experiment the system performance can almost be raised up to 19%.

    摘 要 I Abstract II 致謝 III LIST OF FIGURES VII LIST OF TABLES X LIST OF LISTINGS XI CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Motivation 2 1.3 Organization 3 CHAPTER 2 RELATED WORK 5 2.1 MPSoC 5 2.2 Process Migration 6 2.3 Scheduling Policy on Multi-processors 8 CHAPTER 3 BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE 10 3.1 Real-Time Operation System on Uniprocessors 10 3.1.1 Processes Constraints 11 3.1.2 Kernel Scheduler 14 3.1.3 Processes Scheduling Policy 19 3.2 Real-Time Operation System on Multi-processors 23 3.2.1 Multi-processors and Distributed Systems 23 3.2.2 Process Scheduling Policy on Multi-processors Systems 24 3.3 Memory Access Architecture 27 3.4 Real Time Kernel - MicroC/OS-II 28 3.4.1 Introduction 28 3.4.2 MicroC/OS-II Kernel Structure 28 3.4.3 MicroC/OS-II Multi-Task Management 30 CHAPTER 4 DESIGNE ISSUES AND IMPLEMENTATION 38 4.1 Design issues 38 4.1.1 Hardware Architecture 38 4.1.2 Software Architecture 41 4.2 System Architecture Overview 42 4.3 Hardware Platform and Developing Environment 47 4.3.1 Hardware Platform Overview 47 4.3.2 Developing Environment 49 4.4 Porting MicroC/OS-II on PAC DSP 49 4.4.1 The Requirements for Porting MicroC/OS-II 50 4.4.2 MicroC/OS-II Hardware/Software Architecture 52 4.4.3 Porting Issues on PAC DSP 56 4.5 Migration Support Implementation in MicroC/OS-II 59 4.5.1 Introduction to Process Migration 59 4.5.2 Lightweight Message Passing Mechanism on PAC Duo 61 4.5.3 Process Migration on PAC Duo 64 4.6 Global Scheduler with Multi-kernel on Multi-processors 70 4.6.1 Scheduling Policy with Process Migration Mechanism 71 CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 82 5.1 The Overhead of Process Migration Mechanism 82 5.1.1 Inter-process Communication 82 5.1.2 Overhead of Process Migration 83 5.2 Policy Experimental Result 86 5.2.1 Workload Characterizations 86 5.2.2 Scheduling Analysis 88 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 94 6.1 Conclusions 94 6.2 Future Works 94 REFERENCES 95

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