中文摘要
　　過去數位浮印的技術常應用於JPEG影像格式上，但由於影像壓縮技術的推陳出新，新一代的影像壓縮技術JPEG2000擁有比JPEG更佳的壓縮率和品質，且支援影像有興趣範圍(Region of Interest,ROI)之功能，使得在頻寬有限的情況下能作更廣泛的應用。因此如何將數位浮水印嵌入於JPEG2000之有興趣範圍中，是一個值得深入研究之課題。

　　一般將浮水印嵌入在JPEG2000格式影像之有興趣範圍的作法大多是嵌入在有興趣範圍外之背景(Back ground)影像部分，或是嵌入在JPEG2000壓縮過程中小波轉換後(Wavelet Transformation)的中、高頻的係數，及在最佳化區塊壓縮編碼(Embedded Block Coding with Optimized)之第二層(Tier2)之分層裡封包的內容(Body)。這些方法在壓縮比高的時候抗攻擊性會比較差，且無法對抗切割及剪接到別張影像之攻擊。

　　本論文針對JPEG2000影像之有興趣範圍能使其具備對抗切割及剪接到別張影像等攻擊，提出了一個混合式雙浮水印 (Dual Hybrid watermarking)的架構，第一階段是在空間域(Spatial domain)將浮水印嵌入在還未經過壓縮的影像中，以便將有興趣範圍做定位以利於第二階段浮水印的萃取；而第二階段則是在頻率域(Frequency domain)亦即是將浮水印嵌入在JPEG2000壓縮過程中量化後的影像有興趣範圍之係數中，以避免在量化過程中的失真。

　　本論文之混合式雙浮水印嵌入技術經過實驗後發現除了一般影像處理之攻擊例如均化、對比、雜點、亮度之攻擊外，對於遭到他人擷取有興趣範圍影像之攻擊後仍能將第二階浮水印萃取，因此能對有興趣範圍之影像提供保護。

Abstract
　To date the most commonly used technique is the DCT-based JPEG. However, JPEG compressed images at low bit rates will result in block effects. The next generation for image compression standard is the wavelet-based JPEG2000. JPEG2000 also provides for new functionality like the ROI (Region of Interest). In this paper, we propose the ROI watermarking embedded scheme in JPEG200.

　There are three positions in JPEG200 coding flow for information hiding. The first is after the images transform the image data are transformed to wavelet coefficients. For the digital watermarking, the payload is usually low, and multiple embedding with the majority detection or the spread-spectrum concept can be applied. The second hiding location is after quantization .And last hiding location is embedded in the output of tier-2 coding, it can be guaranteed that all the embedded information will be received without error and in a correct order because we avoid the two major sources of information loss.

　In this paper, we proposed a hybrid watermarking scheme to embed and extract based on the JPEG2000 Codec. Our scheme mix spatial domain watermarking (W1 embedded in gray-level coefficients before JPEG2000 compression) and frequency domain watermarking (W2 embedded in ROI coefficients after quantization). Distortion reduction technique was used on image to lessen image degradation caused by embedding. This kind of scheme is robust to attacks like cut-and-paste, mean filter, luminance, and more.

Reference
[1]D.Nister and C.Christopulos, “Lossless Region of Interest with a naturally progressive still image coding algorithm,”Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp.856-860, 1998.
[2]D.Nister and C.Christopulos, “Lossless region of interest with embedded wavelet image coding,”Signal Processing, Vol.78, No1, pp.1-17, Oct.1999.
[3]D.Nister and C.Christopuolos, J.Askelof and M.Larsson, “Efficient methods for encoding regions of interest in the upcoming JPEG2000 still image coding standard”, IEEE Signal Processing letters, Sep.2000.
[4]http://java.sun.com.
[5]http://jj2000.epfl.ch/
[6]J. Cox, F. Thomson Leighton, and T. Shamoon , “Secures Spread Spectrum Watermarking for Multimedia ”IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,Vol.6,No.12,1997.
[7]J. Chen, T.S. Chen, and C.Y. Cheng, “A New Scheme of Image Data Hiding Based on EBCOT of JPEG2000 Lossy Compression ”, Proceeding of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing & Control Taipei, Taiwan, March, pp. 21-23, 2004.
[8]J. Li, “Image Compression: The Mathematics of JPEG2000”, Modern Signal Processing MSR Publication, Vol. 46, 2003.
[9]JPEG官方網站http://www.jpeg.org/jpeg2000/index.html.
[10]J. Wang , L. Ji , ”A Region and Data Hiding Based Error Concealment Scheme For Images”, Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Volume 47,Issue 2,pp.257 – 262, May 2001.
[11]O. Deforges, and J. Ronsin, “Region of Interest Coding for Low Bit Rate Image Transmission,” IEEE International Conference on Multimedia, 2000.
[12]P.C. Su and C.-C. J. Kuo, “Information Embedded in JPEG-2000 Compressed Images” Circuits and Systems, 2003. ISCAS '03. Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Volume 3, pp. 802 - 805 vol.3, 2003.
[13]P.C. Su and C.-C. J. Kuo, “Steganography in JPEG2000 Compressed Images”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol.49, No.4, Novenber 2003.
[14]Skodres, C. Christopoulis, and T. Ebrahimi, “The JPEG2000 Still Image Compression Standard,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine ,Vol. 8, pp. 36-58, Sept. 2001.
[15]Suhail, M.A. Electronics, and W.L. Branch, “On the Digital Watermarking in JPEG2000”,Circuits and Systems, 2001.ICECS 2001. The 8th IEEE International Conference on Volume 2,2-5 pp.871-874 vol.2, Sept.2001.
[16]T. Guionnet, C. Guillemot, and C. Pateux, “Embedded Multiple Description Coding for Progressive Image Transmission over Unreliable Channels” ,IEEE Transaction Image Processing, Vol. 1, pp.94-97, 2001.
[17]T.S. Chen, J. Chen, and J.G. Chen, “A Simple and Efficient Watermarking Technique Based on JPEG2000 Codec”, IEEE Mutimedia Software Engineering,2003.
[18]T.S. Chen, J.G. Chen, J. Chen ,“Tamper Detection and Retrieval Technique Based on JPEG2000 with LL Subband”, Networking sensingand Control, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Volume 2,pp.1235 - 1240 Vol.2,2004
[19]V. Chande, and N. Farvardin, “Progressive transmission of images over memoryless noisy channels” , IEEE Journal On Areas In Communication. Vol. 18, No. 6, pp.850-860, June 2000.
[20]W.N. Lie, T.L Hsu, and G.S Lin, “Verification of Image Content Integrity By Using Dual Watermarking on Wavelets Domains” Image Processing, 2003 International Conference on Volume 2, pp.487-490 Vol.3, 2003.
[21]陳同孝,張真誠,黃國峰,“數位影像處理技術”,pp.1-9, 旗標出版社,92年出版。
[22]繆紹綱譯,“數位影像處理”,pp.1-10,台灣培生教育出版社,92年出版。
[23]吳炳飛,胡益強,瞿忠正,蘇崇彥, “JPEG2000影像壓縮技術”全華圖書出版,92年出版。