本研究在台南地區擺放為時2-3個月，由33個地震儀組成的15x10 平方公里的密集陣列，平均站間距約為1公里。此陣列由西到東分別涵蓋了安平平原、台南台地、大灣低地三個構造區，其中在台南台地的與大灣低地的交界為後甲里斷層。首先在符合遠場的假設下，測站與震源之間的距離必須大於表面波波長的三倍；因此受限於站間距過短，傳統噪訊層析成像在此陣列無法解析長週期的訊號，因此本研究結合了傳統噪訊層析成像(Ambient noise tomography, ANT)與Eikonal Tomography分別在短週期(1~3秒)與長週期(4~9秒)的二維速度構造，建立台南都會區的三維速度構造。在短週期，總共產生528條波徑，本研究針對每條波徑計算交互相關函數(Cross-correlation function, CCF)，接著測量交互相關函數1秒至3秒之間的相速度值，經篩選出品質穩定的頻散曲線後，反演得到台南地區雷利波二維相速度構造。而長週期利用距離此密集陣列40至80公里且方位角介於45°到140°間與270°到360°的六個中央氣象署測站與五個臺灣寬頻地震網資料，同樣計算測站間連續記錄的交互相關函數，得到地震網內4-9秒的噪訊表面波波傳特性，最後利用Beamforming的結果測量波傳的相對到時，進行Eikonal Tomography的分析。接著結合兩種方法，反演出三維速度構造。本研究的結果顯示在淺層短週期部分大部分的結果是均質的，整個區域的速度值介於0.4~0.7公里每秒之間，並無特定的區域有相對高或低的速度，這代表在淺層的區域主要由沉積物組成，沒有太大的側向變化。而到長週期的部分可以發現速度值從安平平原、台南台地到大灣低地是由慢、快再變化到慢，在4秒週期下，這個區域的平均速度約為1.5公里/秒。從三維速度構造來看台南台地的地下構造形狀如同泥貫入體，而後甲里斷層為泥貫入體抬升所形成的逆衝斷層。

We selected 33 out of 173 seismic station data covering a 10 by 15 km2 area in the Tainan deformation front of southwestern Taiwan from February to June 2021. With an inter-station distance of about 1 km, the seismic array spanned west to east across three major tectonic regimes: Anping Plain, Tainan Tableland, and Dawan Lowland. Structurally, the Houchiali Fault separates the Tainan Tableland and Dawan Lowland. For the seismic array analysis, if the far-field sources come from all azimuths, the source must be greater than three times the wavelength of surface waves. However, since the inter-station distance is short, ambient noise tomography cannot resolve long-period distance signals within the array. Thus, the inter-station distance must be increased through Eikonal tomography. In this study, we combined the two-dimensional velocity structures of ambient noise tomography (ANT) and Eikonal tomography in short periods (1~3 seconds) and long periods (4~9 seconds), respectively, to create a three-dimensional velocity model in this area. For the ambient noise tomography, 528 station pairs were generated. We calculated the cross-correlation function for each station pair. Then, we measured phase velocity for a period ranging from 1 to 3 seconds. We included data from five Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seismology (BATs) stations and six stations from the Central Weather Administration Seismographic Network (CWASN) for the Eikonal tomography. We also calculated the cross-correlation function (CCF) between 33 seismometers and these stations. Then, we subsequently used beamforming for these results to measure the relative surface wave arrival times. To perform Eikonal tomography, we calculated the surface wave propagation of the ambient noise and the shallow velocity structure for each period ranging from 4 to 9 seconds. Our results show the velocities in the shallow (short-period) part are homogeneous. The velocity in the entire area ranges from 0.4 to 0.7 km/s. There is no specific area with relatively high or low velocity. This means the shallower layers consist mainly of sediments without much lateral variation. In the long period, the velocity value changes from slow to fast and then to slow from Anping Plain, Tainan Tableland, to Dawan Lowland. In 4 seconds, the average speed in this area is about 1.5 kilometers/second. Overall, the three-dimensional velocity structure implies that the structure of the Tainan Tableland is shaped like a mud diapir, while the Houchiali Fault is a thrust fault formed by the uplift of the mud diapir.

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