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研究生: 楊行宜
Yang, Xing-Yi
論文名稱: 都市垃圾焚化廠排放戴奧辛/呋喃之特徵
Characteristics of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofurans in the Stack Flue Gases of Municipal Waste Incinerators
指導教授: 李文智
Lee, Wen-Jhy
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 環境工程學系
Department of Environmental Engineering
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 114
中文關鍵詞: 煙道抗氧化酵素都市垃圾焚化廠戴奧辛/呋喃
外文關鍵詞: antioxidation enzyme, stack flue gas, PCDD/Fs, municipal solid waste incinerator, removal efficiency
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  •   本研究針對S廠及C廠二座都市垃圾焚化廠分別進行煙道廢氣中戴奧辛/呋喃之檢測,以期能持續更廣泛建立本土之PCDD/Fs排放源資料庫,以利PCDD/Fs排放源之鑑定。此外,研究中試圖藉由加入天然有機抗氧化酵素來瞭解酵素對PCDD/Fs的減量效果。
      所得結論歸納如下:1. S廠與C廠於一般正常操作情況下所進行之煙道廢氣PCDD/Fs採樣, PCDD/Fs濃度平均值分別0.789 ng/Nm3及5.36ng/Nm3;總I-TEQ 則分別為0.0408及0.179 ng-I-TEQ/Nm3。2.S焚化廠啟爐時,其煙道廢氣中總PCDD/Fs濃度平均為385 ng/Nm3,而總PCDD/Fs I-TEQ濃度值平均值為13.8 ng I-TEQ/Nm3。起爐期間煙道廢氣PCDD/Fs之排放量為35.2 mg I-TEQ,約為整年正常操作PCDD/Fs排放量之40.5%。3. S焚化廠袋式集塵器對總PCDD/Fs及總I-TEQ之平均去除效率皆為99.8%; C焚化廠袋式集塵器對總PCDD/Fs及總I-TEQ之去除效率分別為-652%及-340%,推測與記憶效應(memory effect)有關。在更新袋式集塵器之濾袋後,袋式集塵器對總PCDD/Fs及總I-TEQ之去除效率分別為39.2%及70.9%。4.於抗氧化酵素噴灑期間,S焚化廠煙道廢氣PCDD/Fs濃度呈現下降之趨勢,煙道廢氣PCDD/Fs濃度值於檢測期間達開廠至今之極低值(分別為0.0169 與0.0171 ng I-TEQ/Nm3),且抗氧化酵素噴灑期間五組煙道廢氣PCDD/Fs濃度值不像之前之檢測數據彼此差異較大。整體而言,噴灑抗氧化酵素對S焚化廠煙道廢氣PCDD/Fs之減量效果明顯。

      This study investigates the characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the stack flue gases of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) S and C to evaluate the influence of MSWIs and establish a native PCDD/F database. Additionally, reducing the PCDD/F emission from the stack flue gas by adding antioxidation enzyme is also investigated.
      The conclusions of this study are summarized as follows: First, at steady operation, the mean PCDD/F concentrations in the stack flue gases of MSWI S and C are 0.0408 and 0.179 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively. Secondly, in start-up of the MSWI-S, the mean PCDD/F concentrations in the stack flue gas is 13.8 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 and a total of 35.2 mg I-TEQ of PCDD/Fs was estimated in the start-up period. The PCDD/F emission in start-up equals 40.5% of one year emissions in steady operation. Thirdly, the PCDD/F removal efficiency by bag filters of MSWI-S and MSWI-C were 99.8% and -340%, respectively. The negative PCDD/F removal efficiency of MSWI-C may be owing to the memory effect. After replacing filters, the PCDD/F removal efficiency reached 70.9%. Finally, after spraying antioxidation enzyme, the PCDD/F concentration in the stack flue gases of MSWI-S is declined, and reaches the lowest point since MSWI-S started operation. In addition, the five PCDD/F concentrations of one stack flue gas sampling have less deviation than former data. In summary, the effect of spraying antioxidation enzyme on the PCDD/F concentration in the stack flue gases of MSWI-S is obvious.

    中文摘要 Ⅰ 英文摘要 Ⅱ 致謝 Ⅳ 總目錄 Ⅴ 表目錄 Ⅷ 圖目錄 Ⅹ 一、前言 1 二、文獻回顧 2 2-1 PCDD/Fs 2 2-1-1 PCDD/Fs之來源 2 2-1-2 PCDD/Fs之物理化學性質 2 2-1-3 PCDD/Fs對人體健康及環境的影響 5 2-1-4 PCDD/Fs在環境中之流佈 8 2-2 PCDD/Fs的形成機制 9 2-2-1 de Novo合成反應 9 2-2-2前驅物之異相催化反應合成 13 2-2-3 PCDDs與PCDFs形成機制之相異處 13 2-3 PCDD/Fs之排放量 16 三、實驗設備與方法 19 3-1 煙道PCDD/Fs、飛灰、飛灰固化物與生垃圾之採樣 19 3-1-1 煙道PCDD/Fs之採樣 19 3-1-1-1 煙道PCDD/Fs採樣設備 19 3-1-1-2 PCDD/Fs煙道廢氣採樣方法 22 3-1-2 飛灰之採樣 26 3-2 PCDD/Fs之分析 28 3-2-1 煙道PCDD/Fs樣品之前處理 28 3-2-2 飛灰PCDD/Fs樣品之前處理 31 3-2-3 儀器分析 33 3-3 品質保證及品質控制 37 3-3-1 實驗藥品與試劑 37 3-3-2 採樣品質保證與品質控制之執行 42 3-3-3 PCDD/Fs樣品分析前處理品質保證與品質控制之執行 45 3-3-4 實驗室品管程序及分析水準 46 四、結果與討論 52 4-1 都市垃圾焚化廠煙道廢氣與飛灰中PCDD/Fs之特徵 53 4-1-1 S焚化廠煙道廢氣中PCDD/Fs之特徵 53 4-1-2 飛灰中PCDD/Fs之特徵 59 4-1-3 C焚化廠煙道廢氣中PCDD/Fs之特徵 65 4-1-4 都市垃圾焚化爐煙道廢氣PCDD/Fs 之排放係數 68 4-2 都市垃圾焚化廠煙道廢氣啟爐時煙道廢氣中PCDD/Fs之特徵 69 4-3 袋式集塵器前之管道廢氣與袋式集塵器對PCDD/Fs之去除率 73 4-3-1 S焚化廠袋式集塵器前之管道廢氣與袋式集塵器對PCDD/Fs之去除率 73 4-3-2 C焚化廠袋式集塵器前之管道廢氣與袋式集塵器對PCDD/Fs之去除率 78 4-4 有機抗氧化酵素 84 4-4-1 S廠與C廠歷年來PCDD/Fs檢測結果趨勢及有機抗氧化酵素對煙道廢氣PCDD/Fs之 減量效果 85 4-4-2 經濟效益 92 五、結論與建議 93 5-1 結論 93 5-2 建議 95 參考文獻 96

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