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研究生： 黃仁佑
Huang, Ren-You
論文名稱： 運用有限元素法分析進行車輛側面防撞桿之設計及驗證
Design and Validation of Vehicle Side Impact Bars Based on Finite Element Analysis
指導教授： 黃才炯
Huang, Tsai-Jeon
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2022
畢業學年度： 110
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 109
中文關鍵詞： 側面防撞桿 、有限元素分析 、ECE-R95規範 、簡易外傷分數
外文關鍵詞： Side Impact Bars, Finite Element Analysis, ECE-R95, Abbreviated Injury Scale
相關次數： 點閱：37  下載：1 
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    • 隨著運輸發展日漸蓬勃，一般小客車的使用量也大幅提升，幾乎成為每一個家庭在長途旅行時的代步工具，車輛製造業也得以發展。而車輛的普及化使的車禍的發生率提昇，人們也開始更加重視車輛的安全性能，從一開始的單純增加車體強度與固定乘員位置，到了如今開始摸索如何透過氣墊、海綿等緩衝物質為乘員吸收盡可能多的衝擊能量。而根據NHTSA在2019年的統計數據中發現，雖然在多車碰撞中側面碰撞的發生頻率比前方碰撞還要低，但其造成的致死風險卻比前方碰撞還高，因此本論文的研究主旨在於改善側面碰撞桿的效能，使其能夠更加有效的保護乘員。在本論文中設計出了三種側面防撞桿，其中有一種為本研究主要設計防撞桿之對照組，確定本研究主要設計防撞桿的機構存在之必要性。本研究設計之防撞桿主要利用側面碰撞桿桿子本身的吸能效果外，更利用額外的機構與緩衝材質使其在碰撞發生時產生應變能及摩擦損耗，目的在使防撞桿減弱更多的衝擊能量。本論文中的模擬分析部分皆利用Ls-Dyna軟體進行有限元素分析，在模擬環境中營造出與歐洲經濟委員會的ECE-R95規範盡可能相同的試驗環境，並在模擬分析後討論採用不同緩衝材質以及不同構造防撞桿的採用會對乘員帶來何種影響。將模擬結果與歐洲經濟委員會的ECE-R95規範進行比較確認側面防撞桿的有效性及可用性，並結合簡易外傷分數透過模擬數據計算出乘員可能受到傷害的嚴重度與機率，以此找出最佳的設計選擇。

    About the safety performance of vehicles, from the beginning of simply increasing the strength of the vehicle structure and fixing the position of the occupants, now they have begun to explore how to use air cushions, sponges and other buffer materials to absorb as much impact energy as possible. The main purpose of this paper is to focus on improves the effectiveness of side impact bar so that it can more effectively protect occupants.
    In this paper, three kinds of side impact bars are designed. The side impact bar designed in this study not only depends on the energy absorption capability of the bar, but also relies on additional mechanisms and buffer materials to generate strain energy and friction loss when a collision occurs. It is the reason why it can absorb more impact energy. In the simulation analysis part of this paper, Ls-Dyna is used for finite element analysis. The simulation environment is created to be as similar as possible to the ECE-R95 specification of the Economic Commission for Europe. After the simulation analysis, the use of different buffer materials and different structures of the side impact bar is discussed. Compare the simulation results with the ECE-R95 specification to confirm the effectiveness and usability of the side impact bar in this paper. Finally, calculate the risk of injury relative to occupants through the simulation data combined with Abbreviated Injury Scale. All the methods above are the ways to find the best design of side impact bar in this paper.

    摘要 ................................................................................................................. I 誌謝...................................................................................................................V 目錄.................................................................................................................. VI 表目錄............................................................................................................. IX 圖目錄............................................................................................................. XI 符號與縮寫說明............................................................................................ XVI 第一章 緒論.................................................................................................... 1 1.1 前言........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究動機與目的...................................................................................... 3 1.3 文獻回顧................................................................................................... 4 1.4 論文架構................................................................................................... 4 第二章 研究背景............................................................................................ 7 2.1 側面防撞桿簡介...................................................................................... 7 2.2 側面碰撞法規簡介.................................................................................. 8 2.2.1 美國側撞法規(FMVSS-214)............................................................ 8 2.2.2 歐洲側撞法規(ECE-R95)................................................................... 9 2.2.3 歐洲規範與美國規範統整與比較.................................................. 12 2.3 傷害判斷標準及風險曲線................................................................... 14 2.3.1 HPC值與風險曲線............................................................................ 15 2.3.2 RDC值與風險曲線............................................................................ 17 2.3.3 腹部受力值與風險曲線.................................................................... 18 2.3.4 骨盆受力值與風險曲線.................................................................... 19 2.3.5 風險曲線與ECE-R95之關係討論................................................... 21 第三章 新型側面防撞桿與模擬環境介紹............................................... 22 3.1 新型防撞桿............................................................................................. 22 3.1.1 吳(2019)[13]設計側面防撞桿簡介............................................... 23 3.1.2 新型防撞桿設計介紹........................................................................ 25 3.2 純橡膠防撞桿......................................................................................... 30 3.3 緩衝橡膠材料選用................................................................................. 32 3.4 機構吸能防撞桿..................................................................................... 34 3.5 研究方法.................................................................................................. 38 3.5.1 建立模擬環境...................................................................................... 38 3.5.2 進行模擬以蒐集數據及分析............................................................ 42 3.5.3 比較模擬驗證結果與討論................................................................. 43 第四章 驗證結果與討論............................................................................... 44 4.1 YARIS側面防撞桿與新型防撞桿驗證結果比較............................... 44 4.1.1 頭部加速度分析................................................................................... 45 4.1.2 胸部壓縮量分析................................................................................... 46 4.1.3 腹部及臀部受力分析........................................................................... 47 4.1.4 頭部位移分析........................................................................................ 49 4.1.5 小結.......................................................................................................... 53 4.2 YARIS側面防撞桿與純橡膠防撞桿驗證結果比較............................. 55 4.2.1 頭部加速度分析..................................................................................... 56 4.2.2 胸部壓縮量分析..................................................................................... 57 4.2.3 腹部及臀部受力分析............................................................................ 58 4.2.4 頭部位移分析......................................................................................... 61 4.2.5 小結.......................................................................................................... 65 4.3 各式設計防撞桿之驗證結果比較討論與結論.................................... 67 4.3.1 頭部加速度分析.................................................................................... 68 4.3.2 胸部壓縮量分析..................................................................................... 69 4.3.3 腹部及臀部受力分析............................................................................. 70 4.3.4 頭部位移分析.......................................................................................... 73 4.3.5 防撞桿整體之應變能分析.................................................................... 76 4.3.6 結果分析與總結..................................................................................... 77 第五章 結論與建議.......................................................................................... 82 5.1 結論.............................................................................................................. 82 5.2 未來發展與建議......................................................................................... 83 參考文獻............................................................................................................. 84 附錄A-YARIS防撞桿與本研究各式防撞桿模擬結果圖............................ 86 A.1 YARIS側面防撞桿...................................................................................... 86 A.2 新型防撞桿_NR ........................................................................................ 89 A.3 新型防撞桿_EPDM................................................................................... 92 A.4 新型防撞桿_SBR ....................................................................................... 95 A.5 純橡膠防撞桿_NR .................................................................................... 98 A.6 純橡膠防撞桿_EPDM............................................................................... 101 A.7 純橡膠防撞桿_SBR .................................................................................. 104 A.8 機構吸能防撞桿........................................................................................ 107

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