伯納德‧貝倫森(Bernard Berenson,1865-1959)─傳奇的美國藝術鑑賞家，有著藝術史學家、評論家與藝術顧問等多重身份，而他在後世最為人知的，是做為富商之妻伊莎貝拉·斯圖爾特·加德納夫人(Isabella Stewart Gardner,1840-1924)的首席藝術顧問，替她的私人博物館引進數幅義大利文藝復興名師大作一事。
本研究從歷史、內容分析法去觀察整個鍍金時代帶給學者的影響，理解美國富豪風靡建構私人博物館的原因，再分析貝倫森所推崇的收藏品鑑定準則，如何重塑美國人對文藝復興時期藝術的理解，探討閉門學者為何會變成商場上呼風喚雨的藝術專家。其次解釋伊莎貝拉‧斯圖爾特‧加德納博物館被建構的緣由和生成脈絡，羅列出貝倫森主導之博物館藏品清單，分析其中畫作的內容及購買細節，並整理兩人互通的書信，進而觀察藝術專家與收藏家在蒐購過程中主導性的拉扯，並多層次的重新評價貝倫森對加德納博物館的重要性。最後從他的日記與相關書信，觀察這名藝術權威的心境游移和藝術交易上的道德問題，檢視其富裕卻迷惘的人生，並多層次的重新評價。最終研究發現，富裕的大環境雖然帶給學者豐富的金援與資源，卻也伴隨收取高額佣金衍生的代價，這讓貝倫森無可避免的陷入了一種隨時失衡的狀態：學者信用、鑑賞家名望和有利可圖的藝術顧問之中。
期許本研究能在撰寫的過程中，能夠透過貝倫森傳奇的一生，帶領讀者窺視鍍金時代中學者、富豪與博物館中的連動關係，揭開專家與藏家的薄紗，並提供有價值的研究成果，供往後的研究者參閱。

Bernard Berenson(1865-1959), a legendary American connoisseur, has multiple identities as an art historian, art critic as well as art consultant. In this study, I utilized historical and content research to observe the impact of American’s Gilded era on the scholars and to analyze how American’s understanding of Renaissance art was remodeled by collection identification criteria that Berenson respected. Subsequently, this study investigated the background of and reasons for establishing the Isabella Gardner Museum. Through listing the museum collection acquired mainly under the advice of Berenson, this study analyzed the museum’s paintings and the details on how they were purchased. In addition, the correspondence between Berenson and Madam Gardner was arranged and presented to elucidate the shifts of dominance between the art expert and collector during the purchasing process. Besides, from his diaries and related communication records, we studied the art giant’s mental changes and morale issues in the field of art trades, scrutinized his life, rich but confused, and revalued it from every angles. Eventually, we make the conclusion that the surroundings, adequate and rich, provided the man with resources and funds. However, it also threw Bernard Berenson into the dilemma of balancing the credit and prestige as a scholar and connoisseur as well as the benefit from his work as an art consultant.

1.西文書籍
Alfred, W Abrams. Libraries and Visual Instruction. New York: New York Libraries, 1909.1.8
Behrman, Samuel Nathaniel. Duveen. Boston and Toronto. American: Little Brown and Company, 1972.
Bernard, Berenson. Sketch for a self-portrait. New York: Pantheon, 1949.
Brown, David Alan. Raphael and America. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1983.
Cannadine, David. The decline and fall of the British aristocracy. New York: Vintage Books, 1999.
Cohen, Rachel. Bernard Berenson: A Life in the Picture Trade (Jewish Lives). United States: Yale University Press, 2013.
Constable, William George. Art Collecting in the United States of America, London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1964.
Douglass, Shand Tucci. The Art of Scandal: The Life and Times of Isabella Stewart Gardner. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997.
Duncan, Carol. Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums. New York: Routledge, 1995.
Ernest, Samuels. Bernard Berenson--the Making of a connoisseur. United States: Harvard University Press, 1979.
Ernest, Samuels. Bernard Berenson--the Making of a Legend. United States: Belknap, 1987.
Fisher, Paul. Artful Itineraries: European Art and American Careers in High Culture, 1865-1920. New York: Garland Publishing, 2000.
Goldfarb, T Hilliard. The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum: A Companion Guide and History. Boston: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, 1995.
Gonzalez, Thomes & Weis, Robert. Kunst-Investment: Die Kunst, Mit Kunst Geld Zu Verdienen. Germany: Dr. Th. Gabler Verlag, 2000.
Hadley, Rollin van N. The Letters of Bernard Berenson and Isabella Stewart Gardner, 1887-1924, with Correspondence by Mary Berenson. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1987.
Hendy, Philip. European and American paintings in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. Boston: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, 1974.
Higonnet, Anne. A Museum of One's Own: Private Collecting, Public Gift. England: Periscope Publishing, 2009.
Hugh, Trevor Roper. Letters from Oxford: Hugh Trevor-Roper to Bernard Berenson. England: Orion Publishing, 2007.
Kathleen, D McCarthy. Women’s Culture: American Philanthropy and Art, 1830-1930. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991.
Morri, Carter s & Longstreet& Gilbert, Wendel. General Catalogue: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. Boston: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, 1935.
Nelson, Scott Reynolds. A Nation of Deadbeats: An Uncommon History of America's Financial Disasters. New York: Alfred Knopf, 2013.
Secrest, Meryle. Being Bernard Berenson: A Biography. England: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1980.
Simpson, Colin. Artful Partners: Bernard Berenson and Joseph Duveen. New York: Macmillan, 1986.
Strouse, Jean. Morgan: American financier. New York: Random House,1999.
Tharp, Louise Hall. Mrs. Jack: A Biography of Isabella Stewart Gardner. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1965.

2.中文書籍
大衛‧卡里爾(David Carrier)著，丁寧譯。《博物館懷疑論》(Museum Skepticism: The History of the Display of Art in Public Galleries)。中國：江蘇美術出版社，2009。
卡爾文‧湯姆金斯(Calvin Tomkins) 著，張建新譯。《商人與收藏：大都會藝術博物館創建記》(Merchants and Masterpieces:the Story of the Metropolitan Museum of Art)。台北：譯林出版社，2014年。
謝波德‧班克羅夫‧克拉夫(Shepard Bancroft Clough)著，仲子、葉蒼譯。《美國文化的經濟基礎》(The Economic Basis of American Civilization。中國：三聯書店, 1972。
湯瑪斯‧科斯納(Thomas Kessner) 著，中信編輯部譯：《資本之城：美國資本主義狂飆突進時期的歷史畫卷》(Capital City: New York City and the Men Behind America's Rise to Economic Dominance, 1860-1900)。中國：中信出版社，2008。
琵珞絮卡‧朵西(Piroschka Dossi)著，孫玫玲譯：《藝術炒作》(Hype! Kunts und Geld)，臺北市：典藏藝術家庭出版，2010年。
威廉‧恩道爾著（Frederick William Engdahl），趙剛等譯。《石油戰爭：石油政治決定世界新秩序》(A Century of War)。北京：中國民主法治出版社，2015。
3.西文期刊
Bernard Berenson, “Rudiments of Connoisseurship,” in The Study and Criticism of Italian Art, 2nd (London: G. Bell and Sons ,1920)
Bernard Elevitc ,“ A Pilgrim of Culture ” Massachusetts Review, Vol. 23, No. 2. (1982). 245-252.
Brown David Alan, “Giovanni Morelli and Bernard Berenson.” In Giovanni Morelli e la cultura dei conoscitori: atti del convegno internazionale, Bergamo, 4-7 giugno (1987).389-397.
Machtelt Brüggen Israëls, “The Berensons, Photography, and the Discovery of Sassetta, in Costanza Caraffa” Photo Archives and the Photographic Memory of Art History, Florence (2011). 157-168.
Machtelt Brüggen Israëls,“Mrs. Berenson, Mrs. Gardner and Miss Toplady: Connoisseurship, Collecting and Commerce in London (c1898–1905)” Visual Resources, Vol 1-2(2007).158-181.
Manfred J Holler, & Klose-Ullmann, Barbara. “Art Goes America,” Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 44:1. 2010.89-112.
Matthews Rosemary, “Collectors and Why they Collect: Isabella Stewart Gardner and her Museum of Art”, Journal of the History of Collection , Vol 21:2 (2009). 183-189.
Michaël Vottero. “To Collect and Conquer: American Collections in the Gilded Age”. Revisiting the Gilded Age: Business and Politics in Late Nineteenth Century United States. Revue d'études américaines. American Studies Journal. Vol 1.(2013).
Nonne Monique, “Les droits douaniers américains et les marchands de tableaux français au XIXe siècle,” La revue du Musée d’Orsay.14(2002).102-108.
Pezzini Barbara,“The Burlington Magazine, The Burlington Gazette, and The Connoisseur: The Art Periodical and the Market for Old Master Paintings in Edwardian London,” Visual Resources. 29 (2013)154–183.
4.中文期刊
張凡：〈美國早期藝術收藏理念簡述〉，《藝術科技》11期，2016，205-206。
張凡：〈商藝互融:美國藝術收藏家諾頓·西蒙的收藏理念〉，《藝術科技》5期，2016，46-48。
曾四凱：〈貝倫森和伊塔蒂文藝復興圖書館〉，《新美術》9期，2014，92-98。
5.論文
Litowitz, Dana D. The Character of an Art Collection: Isabella Stewart Gardner, Henry Clay Frick, Albert C. Barnes, David Lloyd Kreeger, and the Donor Memorial in the U.S, B.A.Thesis, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr College ,ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2007.
Mckinzie, Megan. Shaping Identity: Isabella Stewart Gardner, Art Collecting, and the Gilded Age. Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2014.
蔡昀真：《收藏家的自我形象塑造：嘉德納夫人與其同代繪畫收藏》，102。國立中央大學藝術學研究所碩士論文。
6.電子資源
Artnews.http://www.artnews.com/2017/09/11/see-what-the-top-200-collectors-bought-in-the-past-year.(上網查詢日期：2017年10月20日)
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. http://www.gardnermuseum.org.(上網查詢日期：2017年11月1日)
Issuu. https://issuu.com/.(上網查詢日期：2017年10月28日)
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. http://www.mfa.org.(上網查詢日期：2017年11月28日)
Oxford Art Online. http://www.oxfordartonline.com.(上網查詢日期：2017年10月10日)日。
佳士德拍賣官網：http://www.christies.com.(上網查詢日期：2017年11月28日)
羅芙奧藝術拍賣官網：https://ravenel.com.(上網查詢日期：2017年12月3日)