| 研究生: |
劉心蘭 Liu, Shin-Lan |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
公寓大廈住宅用電調查研究 A Study on Electricity Consumption of Condominiums in Taiwan |
| 指導教授: |
林憲德
Lin, Hsien-Te |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 建築學系 Department of Architecture |
| 論文出版年: | 2005 |
| 畢業學年度: | 93 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 101 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 私人用電 、用電密度 、公寓大廈住宅 、公共用電 、用電量 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Electricity Consumption for Public Spaces and Fa, Condominium, Electricity Consumption for Household, Electricity Consumption Density |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:116 下載:4 |
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摘要
由於都市的快速發展以及人口的大量集中,造成都市土地過度開發,成為一高建蔽率、高容積率、高居住密度的區域;為了因應此種居住型態,導致公寓大樓住宅的大量出現,逐漸成為都市居住類型的典型代表。本研究為了能了解目前台灣公寓大廈住宅的用電現況,乃針對台北、台中、台南及高雄四大都會區的公寓大廈住宅進行調查;一方面現場調查紀錄各大樓建築面積、樓地板面積、樓高及座向等建築相關因子,一方面向電力公司申請樣本歷史用電資料,之後進行相關比較分析。本研究一共抽樣29個公寓社區,其中私人用電有效樣本為3150戶,公共用電有效樣本為28件。
經分析後,在私人用電部分,全年用電密度以北部地區最高54.21 kWh/m2‧yr、中區最低為39.53 kWh/m2‧yr、南區居中為41.13 kWh/m2‧yr,其主要差異並非為空調用電,而在於一般經常性用電,北區較中南部地區多將近五成。另公寓大廈私人住戶用電並不因座向方位而有所差異,但頂層戶的確較非頂層戶耗電,其原因一方面為對空調的依賴上升,一方面則是因頂層多為大戶設計。其次,若依平面位置來看,角間戶耗電最大,邊間戶耗電最小,此乃因通風採光的條件所致。
在公共用電部分,公共用電並不因季節更替而有所差異,為一穩定常態性支出,其用電量約佔大樓總用電量的三成。其次,公共用電的多寡和所在區域關係不大,和其用電水準等級較為相關,因此採用電等級加以分析。經分析後,低用電等級年用電密度為17.76 kWh/m2‧yr,中用電等級為33.19 kWh/m2‧yr,高用電等級為44.45 kWh/m2‧yr,而其最重要的影響因素仍是跟公共設施的面積及比例有關,設備部份雖會受電梯及揚水泵的影響,不過一般並不明顯。
最後,本研究依據所抽樣分析的結果,提出公寓大廈住宅的年總用電量預測式,包含公共用電及私人用電,一方面提供建築開發人員在未來新建公寓大樓時一個可預先評估用電量的概算式,一方面也作為電力公司日後配電的參考。
Abstract
Owing to the rapid development and urbanization, urban land has been overly developed and has become an area with high building footprint and high development intensity. To solve the problem of over population in urban areas, condominiums have become the prototype for living gradually. In order to have a better understanding about the electricity consumption of condominiums in Taiwan nowadays, there are 29 condominium communities with 3150 households selected to be the research samples in four main cities in Taiwan—Taipei, Taichung, Tainan and Kaohsiung.
1. Electricity Consumption for Household
First, the annual electricity consumption density in northern Taiwan is 54.21 kWh/m2.yr, which is the highest. The value in central Taiwan is 39.53 kWh/m2.yr, and it is 41.13 kWh/m2.yr in southern Taiwan. What mainly causes the difference of electricity consumption density is the daily energy use, not the energy consumption of air-conditioning. Second, there is no difference of electricity consumption in households with different orientations. But the households in the highest story do consume more energy than others because of the more demand on air-conditioning. Third, the households on the corner consume most energy, while those on the edge of the buildings consume least energy. This is because the households on the edge are in better conditions for ventilation and daylight than those on the corner.
2. Electricity Consumption for Public Spaces and Facilities
The electricity consumption for public spaces and facilities is more like a constant, which won’t differ in different seasons, and it accounts for 30% of total building electricity consumption. Second, the value of electricity consumption has little relationship with the location, so the energy consumption level is adopted instead. The electricity consumption in the highest level is 17.76kWh/m2.yr. The value in middle level is 33.19 kWh/m2.yr, and is 44.45 kWh/m2.yr in the lowest level. The floor area and ratio of public space are the factors for energy consumption. Though elevators and pumps do effect the energy consumption, the number and size of them are calculated by the floor area mostly.
Finally, there are two predictive formulas about electricity consumption in condominiums based on different locations and different energy consumption levels. These formulas can be the initial estimation for future building development and the reference for power supply as well.
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網站資料
內政部營建署http://www.cpami.gov.tw/index.php,2005.03
行政院主計處http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=1,2005.03
全國法規資料庫http://law.moj.gov.tw/,2005.03
經濟部能源局http://www.moeaboe.gov.tw/,2005.03